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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2021 Nov 11;242:184–191.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.11.010

Table 12.

Sensitivity analyses removing children with (A) congenital malformations, (B) multiple births, and (C) prematurity (gestational age < 37 weeks): Adjusted models offeeding problems >= 90th percentile never (reference), sometime (1-2 time points), or always (all 3 time points) from 18 to 30 months predicting ASQ at 30 months

A. Removing congenital
malformations
B. Removing multiples C. Removing preterm
OR 95% CI p OR 95% CI p OR 95% CI p
ASQ Total
 Sometime 2.15 1.55, 2.99 <.001 2.07 1.37, 3.11 <.001 2.29 1.56, 3.37 <.001
 Always 4.22 1.96, 9.10 <.001 4.17 1.61, 10.84 .004 3.74 1.41, 9.90 .008
Fine Motor
 Sometime 2.19 1.39, 3.43 <.001 2.26 1.28, 3.98 .005 2.23 1.30, 3.81 .004
 Always 5.11 2.18, 12.02 <.001 4.40 1.44, 13.42 .010 3.26 0.97, 11.00 .057
Gross Motor
 Sometime 2.30 1.56, 3.39 <.001 2.32 1.38, 3.88 .002 2.55 1.58, 4.10 <.001
 Always 4.58 2.01, 10.45 <.001 4.41 1.44, 13.49 .009 4.19 1.33, 13.21 .015
Communication
 Sometime 2.31 1.55, 3.45 <.001 1.97 1.17, 3.30 .010 2.43 1.49, 3.96 <.001
 Always 4.44 1.95, 10.13 <.001 3.17 1.07, 9.39 .038 3.28 1.06, 10.14 .039
Personal-Social
 Sometime 2.59 1.69, 3.99 <.001 2.57 1.49, 4.44 <.001 2.78 1.62, 4.76 <.001
 Always 4.49 1.88, 10.72 <.001 3.23 0.91, 11.44 .070 2.83 0.71, 11.25 .139
Problem Solving
 Sometime 2.15 1.41, 3.27 <.001 2.05 1.21, 3.48 .008 2.20 1.33, 3.64 .002
 Always 4.46 1.94, 10.28 <.001 3.55 1.12, 11.27 .031 3.44 1.11, 10.61 .032

Note: ASQ = Ages and Stages Questionnaire©. Models control for child sex, gestational age (not in preterm model), sleep problems (time-varying), history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, maternal age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity/race, college education, marital status, infertility treatment, parity, plurality (not in multiples model), and maternal depression.