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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2021 Nov 11;242:184–191.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.11.010

Table 2.

Demographic and perinatal characteristics of the sample, feeding problems, and developmental delay status across waves

n M (SD) or % range
Feeding Problems Scale
 18 months 2795 1.14 (0.46) 0.11-2.89
 24 months 2462 1.00 (0.49) 0.09-2.82
 30 months 2475 1.26 (0.39) 0.08-3.00
Persistent Feeding Problems 1 3597
 Never ≥ 90th percentile 77
 Sometime ≥ 90th percentile 21
 Always ≥ 90th percentile 2
Developmental Delays
 ASQ Total
  18 months 2573 8
  24 months 2180 11
  30 months 1957 10
 ASQ Fine Motor
  18 months 2623 3
  24 months 2221 4
  30 months 2012 3
 ASQ Gross Motor
  18 months 2626 3
  24 months 2229 4
  30 months 2030 5
 ASQ Communication
  18 months 2616 3
  24 months 2234 7
  30 months 2011 5
 ASQ Personal-Social
  18 months 2626 3
  24 months 2236 5
  30 months 2029 3
 ASQ Problem Solving
  18 months 2605 3
  24 months 2214 3
  30 months 2006 4
4-year Development
  Battelle Total 515 113.31(18.91) 46-145
  Motor 516 107.79(17.97) 56-144
  Communication 515 111.81(19.31) 55-145
  Cognitive 514 109.43(18.67) 55-143
  Personal-Social 516 115.15(16.13) 55-145
  Adaptive 515 105.11(16.55) 55-142
Covariates
 Child sex (female) 3597 49
 Gestational age (weeks) 3597 37.57 (2.83) 23-42
 Sleep problem
  18 months 2788 11
  24 months 2557 9
  30 months 2475 12
 History of GERD (4-24 months) 3251 17
 Maternal age (years) 3597 31.27 (2.83) 23-42
 Non-Hispanic white ethnicity/race 3597 84
 College educated 3597 59
 Married or civil union 3454 83
 Infertility treatment 3597 37
 Nulliparous 3565 50
 Plurality 3597 35
 Maternal depression (24 months) 2724 2.21 (2.40) 0-15

Note: ASQ = Ages and Stages Questionnaire©. GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease.

1

Weighted frequencies based on multiply imputed data.