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. 2022 Feb 26;19:56. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02419-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — MCC950 markedly reduces cytotoxicity in striatal progenitor cells and BV2 microglial cells. A, B BV2 microglia were incubated for 4 h with LPS (1 μg/mL) followed by incubation with MCC950 (1 μM) for 2 h. The cells were then incubated with ATP (1 mM, 24 h). Total lysates of BV2 microglial cells were assessed by Western blot analysis to determine the levels of the NLRP3 and actin proteins. The molecular mass is indicated in kilodaltons. C, D BV2 microglia were incubated for 4 h with LPS (1 μg/mL) followed by incubation with MCC950 (1 μM) for 2 h. The cells were then incubated with ATP (1 mM for 24 h). Cell survival (C) and IL-1β expression levels (D) were measured using the CCK-8 assay and ELISA, respectively. The values of the indicated cells were normalized to those of untreated BV2 cells. *P < 0.05 compared to LPS/ATP treated cells (n = 3). E, F STHdh^Q109 cells were incubated for 24 h with MCC950 (1 μM). Total lysates of STHdh^Q7 and STHdh^Q109 cells were assessed using Western blot analysis. G STHdh^Q7 and STHdh^Q109 cells were incubated for 24 h with MCC950 (1 μM). Cell death was quantified using the CCK-8 assay; the values of the indicated cells were normalized to those of untreated STHdh^Q7 cells. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, STHdh^Q7 vs. STHdh^Q109 cells; ^#P < 0.05 vs. untreated STHdh^Q109 cells. H BV2 cells were incubated with LPS (1 µg/mL for 4 h) with or without MCC950 for 2 h before stimulation with ATP (1 mM for 24 h). The BV2 medium was then collected and used to culture the STHdh^Q109 cells for an additional 24 h. STHdh^Q7 and STHdh^Q109 cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, STHdh^Q7 vs. STHdh^Q109 cells; ^#P < 0.05 vs. untreated STHdh^Q109 cells. I BV2 cells were treated with or without MCC950 (1 μM) and 3-NP (5, 10, and 20 mM) for 24 h. The cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared with controls (n = 3)