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. 2022 Feb 24;10:e12977. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12977

Figure 4. Simplified illustration of D-dimer generation as late-stage biomarker of cardiovascular diseases.

Figure 4

Thrombin transforms fibrinogen to fibrin monomers that are composed of a central E-domain and 2 outer D-domains. Fibrin monomers polymerize, thus making an unstable fibrin mesh. Activated blood clotting factor XIII cross-links the D-domains, which supports the fibrin network. Fibrin-bound plasmin degrades the fibrin mesh into soluble fragments: D-dimers and E fragments.