Table A2.
ML-SEM estimates, women (n = 2170)
| Childless (n = 747) |
Mother (n = 1395) |
Living with spouse/partner (n = 518) |
Not living with spouse/partner (n = 1394) |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 2: dynamic |
Model 3: dynamic fixed effects |
Model 2: dynamic |
Model 3: dynamic fixed effects |
Model 2: dynamic |
Model 3: dynamic fixed effects |
Model 2: dynamic |
Model 3: dynamic fixed effects |
|||||||||
| (1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
|||||||||
| b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se | b | se | |
| Depressive symptoms (lagged) | .28*** | .06 | .15 | .13 | .18*** | .03 | .06 | .08 | .29*** | .04 | .26 | .19 | .17*** | .04 | .04 | .08 |
| Marginal food security | .33* | .16 | .13 | .34 | .35** | .11 | -.08 | .21 | .44** | .14 | .16 | .27 | .32** | .12 | .18 | .21 |
| Low/very low food security | .64** | .21 | .71* | .34 | .69*** | .13 | -.07 | .25 | .50** | .18 | .06 | .37 | .63*** | .14 | .68** | .25 |
| Live with spouse/partner | -.25* | .12 | -.49 | .50 | -.133 | .10 | -.03 | .27 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Number of children 0–6 years old | -.03 | .07 | .10 | .16 | .02 | .04 | -.12 | .11 | .06 | .07 | .04 | .18 | -.04 | .04 | -.15 | .09 |
| Number of children 7–17 years old | .07 | .05 | .29* | .14 | -.02 | .03 | -.01 | .05 | .60** | .18 | .00 | .04 | .02 | .10 | ||
| Daily hours spent in childcare | -.02 | .02 | -.01 | .03 | .02* | .01 | .05* | .02 | .00 | .01 | -.02 | .03 | .00 | .01 | .02 | .02 |
| Employed | .23 | .17 | -.27 | .35 | .07 | .10 | .15 | .20 | -.02 | .16 | .15 | .21 | .18 | .13 | .15 | .23 |
| Household's main income source | ||||||||||||||||
| Labour/business | .08 | .23 | .45 | .37 | .19 | .14 | -.30 | .24 | -.04 | .26 | -.85 | .62 | .21 | .18 | -.07 | .26 |
| Government grants | .05 | .17 | -.26 | .23 | .17 | .13 | -.08 | .21 | -.06 | .20 | -.29 | .35 | .18 | .14 | -.15 | .20 |
| Support from NGO/church/similar | -.47 | .46 | -.81* | .35 | .02 | .27 | -.02 | .48 | .56 | .41 | .38 | .71 | -.26 | .33 | -.09 | .42 |
| Support from community/neighborhood | -.22 | .27 | -.25 | .59 | .48* | .23 | .89*** | .27 | .26 | .37 | .40 | .57 | .24 | .24 | .39 | .29 |
| African | -.27 | .19 | −1.12* | .53 | .06 | .23 | .18 | .28 | -.25 | .19 | -.29 | .27 | -.30 | .24 | -.29 | .31 |
| Colored | .37+ | .22 | .24 | .59 | .47+ | .28 | .83** | .32 | .32 | .22 | .55+ | .32 | .18 | .30 | .23 | .36 |
| Primary school or less | .04 | .16 | .16 | .28 | -.25+ | .14 | -.30+ | .17 | -.25 | .18 | -.67* | .26 | -.06 | .13 | -.07 | .16 |
| Complete secondary schooling | .10 | .23 | -.01 | .32 | .02 | .12 | -.01 | .15 | -.41* | .18 | -.28 | .21 | .24 | .15 | .26 | .17 |
| Tertiary education | -.02 | .17 | -.14 | .36 | .00 | .11 | -.06 | .15 | -.20 | .15 | -.22 | .23 | .10 | .13 | .13 | .16 |
| Perceived at risk of getting COVID-19 | .38** | .14 | .39 | .31 | .41*** | .10 | .16 | .21 | .23 | .15 | .30 | .33 | .39*** | .11 | .17 | .19 |
| Uncertain of risk of getting COVID-19 | -.22 | .19 | .18 | .34 | .10 | .18 | -.22 | .36 | -.05 | .20 | -.06 | .47 | -.03 | .17 | -.13 | .30 |
| Constant T1 | .98*** | .27 | 1.47* | .64 | .59* | .29 | 1.06* | .48 | .98** | .31 | .97+ | .58 | 1.01*** | .25 | 1.49*** | .35 |
| Constant T2 | 1.05*** | .25 | 1.75** | .64 | .43 | .27 | 1.24** | .46 | 1.05*** | .27 | 1.06+ | .56 | .90*** | .25 | 1.42*** | .37 |
Notes: Balanced panel sample used, and data is weighted appropriately. SEM estimation is performed using Full Information Maximum Likelihood. ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05, +p < .10.