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. 2022 Feb 14;13:785644. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785644

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Chen, Wang, Xie, Liu, Yuan, Chai, Wang and Cheng

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Neurotoxic substances that are produced by gut microbiota influence cognitive impairment progression by transmitting from gut to brain, in which intestinal barrier and blood–brain barrier served as crucial customs passes. Moreover, these neurotoxic substances cannot traverse from usual intestinal and blood–brain barriers, while aging, unhealthy lifestyles, and acute or chronic enteritis would disrupt the integrity of both intestinal and blood–brain barriers, leading to cognitive impairment.