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. 2022 Feb 28;7:60. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00881-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Protein tyrosine kinases drive adenoma initiation. a Signature scores for cells from physiological, adenoma-precursor (cluster 9_Mix4), and benign clusters. Columns represent cells annotated with cell type and tissue. Colors represent Z scores. DN, down; V1, version 1; V2, version 2. b Violin plot showing log-normalized expression levels of subset-specific genes in physiological (cluster 3, 7, and 8), benign, malignant, and intermediate populations (cluster 4, 5, and 9). Colors represent average expression levels within a cluster. c Hierarchically clustered heatmap showing the log-normalized expression levels of all expressed RTK/PTK genes in P1 epithelial cells. Columns represent cells annotated with cell type and tissue. Colors represent Z scores. d, e Co-immunofluorescence staining of E-cadherin with BMX (d) or HCK (e) was conducted for healthy donor colonic, CRC patient normal, and adenoma tissues. White arrows indicate positively stained epithelial cells. Scale bar, 100 μm