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. 2022 Feb 14;9:821777. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.821777

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Copyright © 2022 Rafiqul Islam, Foysal, Hoque, Mehedi, Rob, Salauddin, Tanzina, Biswas, Noyon, Siddiki, Tay and Mannan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative abundance of bacteria at phylum, order and genus level in the gut and oral wash of healthy controls and COVID-19 cases. (A) Bacterial abundance at the phylum level. Of 22 detected phyla, 11 (50.0%; highlighted in red circle) were shared across all the sample categories. (B) Bacterial abundance at the order level. A total of 69 orders of bacteria were detected, of which 26 (37.68%) were found to be shared across all samples. (C) Bacterial abundance at the genus level. A total of 231 bacterial genera were identified in the gut and oral samples of patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, among which 57 (24.68%) were common to all four groups of samples.