Table 1.
Loss of taste (LoT) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Healthy | COVID–LoT | COVID + LoT | †p-Value |
Streptococcus | 1.9 ± 0.4b | 3.4 ± 0.4ab | 3.5 ± 0.3a | 0.01446 |
Escherichia-Shigella | 2.6 ± 0.4b | 7.1 ± 0.6a | 5.6 ± 0.6a | 0.00048 |
Prevotella | 8.9 ± 0.1a | 4.4 ± 1.0b | 5.3 ± 0.6b | 1.8e-05 |
Enterococcus | 1.2 ± 0.6b | 4.3 ± 0.9a | 5.1 ± 0.7a | 0.0003 |
Bacteroides | 2.7 ± 0.6b | 5.5 ± 1.3ab | 5.6 ± 0.7a | 0.0152 |
Bifidobacterium | 2.9 ± 0.4b | 5.1 ± 1.0ab | 4.7 ± 0.5a | 0.0138 |
Loss of motion (LoM) | ||||
Bacteria | Healthy | COVID–LoM | COVID + LoM | † p -Value |
Streptococcus | 1.9 ± 0.4b | 3.7 ± 0.4a | 3.3 ± 0.3a | 0.01196 |
Escherichia-Shigella | 2.6 ± 0.4b | 6.3 ± 1.0a | 5.8 ± 0.6a | 0.00094 |
Prevotella | 8.9 ± 0.1a | 4.1 ± 0.9b | 5.6 ± 0.6b | 1.2e-05 |
Enterococcus | 1.2 ± 0.6c | 4.2 ± 0.8b | 5.2 ± 0.8a | 0.00027 |
Bacteroides | 2.7 ± 0.6b | 5.1 ± 1.2ab | 5.8 ± 0.7a | 0.01394 |
Bifidobacterium | 2.9 ± 0.4b | 5.0 ± 0.8a | 4.8 ± 0.5a | 0.01388 |
Diarrhoea (DRR) | ||||
Bacteria | Healthy | COVID–DRR | COVID + DRR | † p -Value |
Streptococcus | 1.9 ± 0.4b | 3.4 ± 0.3a | 3.4 ± 0.4ab | 0.01394 |
Escherichia-Shigella | 2.6 ± 0.4c | 4.8 ± 0.5b | 8.1 ± 0.2a | 1.3e-05 |
Prevotella | 8.9 ± 0.1a | 4.9 ± 0.6b | 5.5 ± 0.9b | 2.4e-05 |
Enterococcus | 1.2 ± 0.6c | 5.1 ± 0.8a | 4.5 ± 0.9b | 0.00038 |
Bacteroides | 2.7 ± 0.6b | 5.5 ± 0.9ab | 5.6 ± 0.7a | 0.01498 |
Bifidobacterium | 2.9 ± 0.4b | 5.1 ± 0.6a | 4.4 ± 0.5ab | 0.01125 |
Medication (MC) | ||||
Bacteria | Healthy | COVID–MC | COVID + MC | † p -Value |
Streptococcus | 1.9 ± 0.4b | 3.3 ± 0.4ab | 3.5 ± 0.3a | 0.012 |
Escherichia-Shigella | 2.6 ± 0.4b | 5.8 ± 0.8a | 6.2 ± 0.6a | 0.00095 |
Prevotella | 8.9 ± 0.1a | 6.2 ± 0.6b | 4.0 ± 0.7c | 7.3e-06 |
Enterococcus | 1.2 ± 0.6b | 4.9 ± 0.9a | 4.9 ± 0.7a | 0.00041 |
Bacteroides | 2.7 ± 0.6b | 5.3 ± 0.8ab | 5.8 ± 0.9a | 0.01388 |
Bifidobacterium | 2.9 ± 0.4b | 4.6 ± 0.6ab | 5.1 ± 0.6a | 0.01042 |
Genera with at least 1% read abundance in any of the tested groups were considered for the differential abundance analysis. Relative abundance is shown as mean ± SD. Different superscripts (a, b, c, ab) placed with mean values in the same column convey their significant difference in bacterial abundance with each other.
p-value adjusted with Bonferroni correction.