Table 1.
Studies reporting the prevalence of S. stercoralis and HTLV-1 that met the selection criteria.
| References | Country | Number of participants | H+SS+ n (%) | H+SS- n (%) | H-SS+ n (%) | H-SS- n (%) | Diagnosis of HTLV-1 | Diagnosis of SS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Einsiedel et al. (18) | Australia | 72 | 6 (8.3) | 22 (30.6) | 4 (5.6) | 40 (55.6) | EIA, PA, WB, PCR | Serology |
| Robinson et al. (23) | Jamaica | 207 | 14 (6.8) | 9 (4.3) | 48 (23.2) | 136 (65.7) | ELISA, WB | Serology |
| 10 | 4 | 7 | 41 | ELISA, WB | Stool | |||
| Chieffi et al. (19) | São Paulo, Brazil | 152 | 11 (7.2) | 80 (52.6) | 1 (0.7) | 60 (39.5) | ELISA, WB | Stool |
| Einsiedel et al. (19)* | Australia | 950 | 111 (9.9) | 237 (26.5) | 158 (13.9) | 444 (49.6) | PA, EIA, IFA, WB | Serology |
| Chaturvedi et al. (24) | Jamaica | 288 | 17 (5.9) | 117 (40.6) | 18 (6.3) | 136 (47.2) | EIA, WB, PCR | Serology |
| Furtado et al. (22) | Pará, Brazil | 100** | 6 (6.0) | 36 (36.0) | 3 (3.0) | 55 (55.0) | ELISA, PCR | Stool |
| Courouble et al. (20) | Guadeloupe, French West Indies | 238 | 37 (15.5) | 82 (5.5) | 13 (5.5) | 106 (44.5) | EIA, WB | Serology |
H, Human T-cell lymphotropic Virus Type 1; SS, Strongyloides stercoralis. + and – present positive and negative results. ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; WB, Western blot; PA, Particle agglutination; EIA, Enzyme immunoassay; IFA, Immunofluorescence assay; PCR, Polymerase chain reaction; NR, Not reported.
*
Patients with borderline Strongyloids serology were not included.
**
Patients infected with HTLV-2 and their relatives, were included in the group not infected by HTLV-1.