Table 1.

RCTs investigating neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus immediate surgery.

Trial	Resectability	Number of patients	Treatment arms	Median OS neoadjuvant group	Median OS immediate surgery group
PACT-15 (30)	R	88	PEXG + Surgery versus Surgery + adjuvant gemcitabine versus Surgery + adjuvant PEXG	38.2	20.4/26.4
Prep-02/JSAP-05 (29)	R	362	Gemcitabine + S1 + Surgery + adjuvant S1 versus Surgery + adjuvant S1	36.7	26.6
NEPAFOX (31)	R/BR	40	FOLFIRINOX + Surgery + adjuvant FOLFIRINOX versus Surgery + adjuvant gemcitabine	10	25.7
Total Number of patients				233	257
Weighted median OS (months)*				30.3	25.7

OS, overall survival; PEXG, cisplatin, epirubicin, capecitabine, gemcitabine; S1, Teysuno; R, resectable; BR, borderline resectable; FOLFIRINOX, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin.

*Weighted median OS derived by the formula of Gillen and colleagues in a previous systematic review (32): $m_p={\left({\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^k\frac{wi}{m_i}}\right)}^{-1}$ where m_i denotes the median survival in a study population i (with i ranging from 1 to k, where k is the number of included studies) and wi refers to a study-specific weight function.