Table 3.
Summary of the acute exercise studies.
| References | Sample description and size (mean age) | Description of the method, duration of exercise | CBF measurement | CF measurement | Statistically significant imaging results | Statistically significant cognitive results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lefferts et al. (2016) | University community 15 men (22) 15 women (20 ± 3) | Cycle ergometer (hypoxic and normoxic exercise compared), 20 min | Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography | Eriksen Flanker test (executive function); N-back number task (working memory) | No significant differences | Differences in caution between normoxia and hypoxia |
| Decroix et al. (2016) | Healthy, well-trained men, some received coconut flavanoa oil 12 (30 ± 3) |
Cycle ergometer, 30 min | fNIRS | SCWT | Significantly increased d(HBO2, HHB, HBtot) | Increased speed of information processing (RT) |
| Olivo et al. (2021) | Older adults 49 24 EXP (69.6 ± 2.8) 25 CON (70.7 ± 3.1) |
Cycle ergometer, 30 min | ASL | N-back task, MMSE | Elevated CBF between groups | No significant results between groups |
fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy; SCWT, Stroop Color and Word Test; ASL, arterial spin labeling; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; HbO2, oxygenated hemoglobin; HHb, deoxygenated hemoglobin; HBtot, total hemoglobin; CF, Cognitive function; RT, reaction time.