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. 2022 Feb 14;16:832478. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.832478

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Copyright © 2022 Frank, Gruenbaum, Shelef, Zvenigorodsky, Severynovska, Gal, Dubilet, Zlotnik, Kofman and Boyko.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A timeline of the protocol for preventative (axis A) and treatment (axis B) approach. CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; NSS, Neurological severity score; PLAC, Placebo; PYR, Pyruvate; TBI, Traumatic brain injury.