Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analyses
| Variable | Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age (yr) | ||||
| 80–84 | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| ≥85 | 1.99 (1.91–2.06) | <0.0001 | 1.56 (1.50–1.63) | <0.0001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| Black | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 0.002 | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.607 |
| Other | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) | <0.0001 | 0.84 (0.74–1.02) | 0.078 |
| Unknown | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) | 0.039 | 0.81 (0.66–1.01) | 0.055 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||
| 2004–2009 | Reference group | – | ||
| 2010–2015 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.286 | – | |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity | ||||
| 0 | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| 1 | 1.49 (1.41–1.57) | <0.0001 | 1.33 (1.26–1.40) | <0.0001 |
| ≥2 | 2.36 (2.20–2.55) | <0.0001 | 1.85 (1.72–1.99) | <0.0001 |
| Facility location | ||||
| Northeast | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| Central | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (0.96–1.09) | 0.303 |
| South/southeast | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 0.241 |
| West | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.582 | 0.96 (0.90–1.01) | 0.089 |
| Facility type | ||||
| Community cancer program | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| Comprehensive community cancer program | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) | <0.0001 | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0.009 |
| Academic/research program | 0.74 (0.69–0.79) | <0.0001 | 0.83 (0.78–0.88) | <0.0001 |
| Integrated network cancer program | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.001 | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.411 |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Private | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| Not insured | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) | 0.432 | 0.81 (0.61–1.08) | 0.151 |
| Medicaid | 0.91 (0.74–1.13) | 0.395 | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.077 |
| Medicare | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.06–1.21) | <0.0001 |
| Other government | 1.00 (0.79–1.28) | 0.975 | 1.23 (0.97–1.56) | 0.093 |
| Unknown | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) | 0.225 | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.615 |
| Clinical T stage | ||||
| T1 | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| T2 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.050 | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 0.130 |
| T3 | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.426 | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | <0.0001 |
| T4 | 2.69 (2.41–3.00) | <0.0001 | 2.03 (1.82–2.27) | <0.0001 |
| TX | 1.57 (1.48–1.67) | <0.0001 | 1.30 (1.23–1.38) | <0.0001 |
| Gleason score | ||||
| 6 | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| 7 | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 0.061 | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | <0.0001 |
| 8–10 | 1.17 (1.08–1.26) | <0.0001 | 1.64 (1.51–1.78) | <0.0001 |
| PSA | ||||
| <10 | Reference group | Reference group | ||
| 10–20 | 1.17 (1.11–1.23) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | <0.0001 |
| >20 | 1.45 (1.39–1.52) | <0.0001 | 1.35 (1.28–1.42) | <0.0001 |
| Treatment modality | ||||
| ADT alone | Reference group | Reference Group | ||
| No treatment | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 0.368 | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 0.105 |
| Radiation alone | 0.43 (0.39–0.46) | <0.0001 | 0.54 (0.50–0.59) | <0.0001 |
| Surgery | 0.42 (0.35–0.50) | <0.0001 | 0.50 (0.42–0.59) | <0.0001 |
| Radiation + ADT | 0.39 (0.37–0.41) | <0.0001 | 0.48 (0.46–0.50) | <0.0001 |
ADT = androgen deprivation therapy; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.