| Methods |
Non‐randomised controlled trial, unit of allocation = bar. |
| Participants |
Licensed bars in the USA.
Experimental = 5 bars
Control = 9 bars |
| Interventions |
Server training
Five one‐on‐one consultations (each 1‐2 hours) once a week, for owners and managers of bars. Aims:
1) develop and implement written establishment policies that encourage responsible alcohol sales;
2) inform and discuss new alcohol policies with staff.
Intervention was tailored specifically to each establishment. The goal was to change those actions of alcohol establishments (sales to minors and sales to patrons already significantly impaired by alcohol) that can lead to death, injury and damage. |
| Outcomes |
Observed server behaviour (using pseudo‐drunk actors). |
| Notes |
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Adequate sequence generation? |
High risk |
Five experimental bars, each with two matched control bars. |
| Allocation concealment? |
Unclear risk |
No information. |
| Blinding?
All outcomes |
Low risk |
Bars were unaware of the observation and the pseudo‐drunks were blind to allocation status. |
| Confounders |
Unclear risk |
Bars were matched according to bar type and location. |
| Data collection methods |
Unclear risk |
Observed server behaviour using pseudo‐drunks. |
| Withdrawals & dropouts |
Unclear risk |
One control premise was dropped from the study, therefore analysis based on five experimental and nine control bars. |
| Intervention integrity |
Unclear risk |
Full compliance is reported, which for this study was one bar owner/manager from each experimental bar receiving training. |
| Duration of follow‐up |
Unclear risk |
Pseudo‐drunks used to assess server behaviour 4‐6 weeks after intervention. |
