Figure 5. Schematic diagrams of simple and I1-FFL models.

In a simple model, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) binds to the κB motif, which results in the transcription of downstream target genes. In the incoherent feedforward loop (I1-FFL model), NF-κB and its competitors competitively bind to the κB motif and initiate transcription of downstream target genes.