Table 3.
Effect of culturally tailored interventions on HbA1c, weight and diabetes knowledge
| Study author, year | HbA1c/FPG | P value between group | Weight | P value between group | Diabetes knowledge | P value between group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | ||||
| Ackerman et al. 2015 | Baseline: 6·1 % Follow-up: NR |
Baseline: 6·0 % Follow-up: NR |
NS | Baseline: 103·0 kg 12-month follow-up: −2·5 kg |
Baseline: 101·7 kg 12-month follow-up: −0·3 kg |
P < 0·001 | NR | NR | |
| Sattin et al. 2016 | FPG Baseline: 90·1 ± 10·0 mg/dl Change at 12 weeks: −1·85 mg/dl |
FPG Baseline: 89·9 ± 9·4 mg/dl Change at 12 weeks: −0·06 mg/dl |
P = 0·486 | Baseline: 98·4 kg Mean change 12 weeks: −2·6 kg |
Baseline: 99·0 kg Mean change 12 weeks: −0·50 kg |
P = 0·001 | NR | NR | |
| Melkus et al. 2010 | Baseline: 8·0 % 3-month follow-up: 7·3 %* 24-month follow-up: 7·4 %* |
Baseline: 8·3 % 3-month follow-up: 7·4 %* 24-month follow-up: 8·0 % |
NS | NR | NR | Baseline: 82† Follow-up: NR** |
Baseline: 79†
Follow-up: NR** |
NR | |
| Murrock et al. 2009 | Mean change: −0·5 %* |
Mean change: +0·3 % |
P = 0·020 | Mean change (lb): −4·9* |
Mean change (lb): −3·7* |
NS | – | – | – |
| Lutes et al. 2012 | Baseline: 9·1 % Mean change: −0·29 % |
Baseline: 9·0 % Mean change: +0·05 % |
P = 0·789 | Baseline: 98·1 kg Mean change: −1·35 kg |
Baseline: 104·2 kg Mean change: −0·39 kg |
P = 0·046 | NR | NR | – |
| Keyserling et al. 2002 | Baseline: 10·7 % 6-month follow-up: 10·7 % 12-month follow-up: 10·8 % |
Baseline (B): 11·1 % (C): 11·3 % 6-month follow-up: (B): 11·1 % (C): 11·5 % 12-month follow-up: (B): 10·9 % (C) 10·7 % |
P = 0·730 | Baseline: 207 lb 6-month follow-up: 207 lb 12-month follow-up: 212 lb |
Baseline (B): 202 lb (C): 210 lb 6-month follow-up: (B) 202 lb (C) 210 lb 12-month follow-up: (B) 208 lb (C) 212 lb |
P = 0·520 | Baseline: 9·0‡ 6-month follow- up: 10·5 12-month follow-up: 10·7 |
Baseline‡(B): 8·6 (C): 9·4 6-month follow-up: (B): 9·9 (C): 9·6 12-month follow-up: (B) 9·8 (C): 10·1 |
P = 0·037 |
| Samuel Hodge et al. 2009 | Baseline: 7·7 % Adjusted 8-month follow-up: 7·4 % 12-month adjusted follow-up: 7·5 % |
Baseline: 7·9 % Adjusted 8-month follow-up: 7·8 % 12-month adjusted follow-up: 7·6 % |
8 months P = 0·009 12mo P = 0·330 |
Baseline: 99·0 kg 8-month follow-up: 98·0 kg 12-month follow-up: 97·0 kg |
Baseline: 95·0 kg 8-month follow-up: 98·0 kg 12-month follow-up: 97·0 kg |
8-month: P = 0·940 12 months: P = 0·710 |
Baseline: 8·9‡
8-month follow-up: 10·7 |
Baseline: 8·4‡8-month follow-up: 9·8 |
P = 0·003 |
| Lynch et al. 2014 | Intervention: Baseline: 7·9 % Mean change: −0·5 %* |
Control: Baseline: 7·7 % Mean change: 0·1 % |
P = 0·100 | Baseline: 215·9 lb Mean change: −2·8 kg* |
Baseline: 219·4 lb Mean change: −1·1 kg |
p = 0·170 | Baseline††,§: 57·0 Mean change: 18·0 |
Baseline: 63·0 Mean change: 7·6 |
P = 0·010 |
| Lynch et al. 2019 | Median Baseline: 8·6 % Mean change 6 months: −0·76 12 months: −0·63 18 months: −0·58 |
Median baseline: 8·4 % Mean change 6 months: −0·21 12 months: −0·45 18 months: −0·33 |
6 months: P = 0·030 12 months: P = 0·520 18 months: NS |
NR | NR | Baseline‡: 34·0 Change at 12 months: 11·1* 18 months: 7·7 |
Baseline: 35·0 Change at 12 months: 6·0 18 months: 4·5 |
12 months: P = 0·002 18 months: P = 0·048 |
|
| Anderson et al. 2005 | Baseline: 8·7 % 6 weeks: 8·3 %** |
Baseline: 8·4 % 6 weeks: 8·1 %** |
NS | Baseline: 201·2 lb 6-week follow-up: 199·7 lb* |
Baseline: 201·2 lb 6-week follow-up: 201·4 lb |
NS | Baseline: ‖
2·7 6-week follow-up: 3·4** |
Baseline: 2·6 6-week follow-up: 2·8 |
P < 0·001 |
| Gary et al. 2017 | Baseline: 7·9 % 24-month follow-up: 7·7 % |
Baseline: 8·0 % 24-month follow-up: 7·9 % |
NS | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Samuel Hodge et al. 2017 | Baseline: 7·5 % Adjusted mean change: −0·51 % Unadjusted mean change: −0·45 % |
Baseline: 7·6 % Adjusted mean change: 0·38 Unadjusted mean change: 0·26 % |
p = 0·040 | Baseline: 105·4 kg Adjusted mean change: −4·3 kg Unadjusted mean change: −4·4 kg |
Baseline: 107·1 kg Adjusted Mean change: +1·4 kg Unadjusted mean change: +1·6 kg |
P < 0·0001 | NR | NR | |
| Ruggiero et al. 2014 | Baseline: 9·1 % Follow-up: n/a |
Baseline: 8·3 % Follow-up: n/a |
Unadjusted group effects: P < 0·001 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Spencer et al. 2011 | Adjusted baseline: 8·6 % Adjusted 6-month follow-up: 7·8 %** |
Baseline: 8·5 % 6-month follow-up: 8·5 % |
P < 0·010 | Baseline: 32·7 kg/m2 6-month follow-up: 33·0 kg/m2 |
Baseline: 34·1 kg/m2 6-month follow-up: 33·7 kg/m2 |
NS | NR | NR | |
| Mayer-Davis et al. 2004 | Baseline: 10·2 % Mean change: 6 months −1·6 % |
Baseline: RI: 9·7 % UC: 9·6 % Mean change: 6 months: RI: −0·80 % UC: −1·1 % |
NS | Baseline: 99·5 kg Mean change 6 months: −2·2 kg** 12 months: −2·2 kg* |
Baseline: (RI) 100·0 kg (UC) : 93·0 kg Mean change: 6 months: (RI): −1·1 kg (UC): −0·40 kg 12 months: (RI): −0·8 kg (UC): −0·2 kg |
6 months: P < 0·010 between usual care |
NR | NR | |
| Sharp et al. 2018 | Baseline: 9·4 % Mean change: −0·45 % |
Baseline: 9·6 % Mean change: −0·43 % |
NS | Baseline: 35·7 kg/m2 Mean change: −0·20 kg/m2 |
Baseline: 36·8 kg/m2 Mean change: −0·22 kg/m2 |
NS | Baseline:¶ 5·3 | Baseline¶ 5·4 | NS |
HbA1c, haemoglobin A1C; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; NR, not reported; NS, no significance; RI, reimbursable lifestyle intervention; UC, usual care.
*
Significant within group difference; P < 0·05.
†
The Diabetes Knowledge Test; a 25-item self-administered multiple- choice objective test developed by D’Eramo-Melkus, Wylie-Rosett, and Hagan (1992).
‡
16-item adaptation of the Diabetes Knowledge Scale.
§
Adapted version of the Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire; Score range 0–62. Higher scores indicate greater nutrition knowledge.
‖
Perceived understanding of diabetes; sale 1 = poor, 5 = excellent.
¶
Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes scale.
**
Significant within group difference; P < 0·001.
††
Mean % of correct answers.