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. 2022 Jan 30;11(1):10. doi: 10.3390/antib11010010

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Distribution and structural classification of CDR3 loop lengths of (A) VHH and (B) Human VH. Many VHHs with CDR3 lengths of 12 amino acids or more belong to Roll (green), and VHHs or human VHs with short CDR3 tend to belong to Upright (purple). Those belonging to the Half-Roll group (blue) are widely distributed. (C) Comparison of amino acid residues between Upright and Roll types involved in the paratope and surroundings. Amino acid residues of VHH close to the antigen are highlighted in red in the crystallography of VHH–antigen complexes listed in PDB. In particular, the FR2 of the Upright type (highlighted in yellow) shows that many amino acid residues directly contribute to the paratope formation.