Table 7.
Results of the regularized logistic regression models (N = 845 Bangladesh; N = 451 Pakistan) predicting comparatively poor knowledge and limited prevention practice.
| Variable | “Poor” | “Poor” | “Poor” | “Poor” | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| knowledge—Bangladesh | knowledge—Pakistan | practice—Bangladesh | practice—Pakistan | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | Freq. | OR (95% CI) | Freq. | OR (95% CI) | Freq. | OR (95% CI) | Freq. | |
| Inpatient | 0.97 (0.78–1.00) | 215 | 1.09 (1.00–1.81) | 239 | 1.01 (0.98–1.10) | 113 | 1.00 (0.93–1.00) | 50 |
| Interview date | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 169 | 1.01 (1.00–1.04) | 544 | 1.00 (1.00–1.02) | 377 | 1.01 (1.00–1.04) | 684 |
| Monthly income (USD) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 50 | 0.99 (0.90–1.00) | 113 | 0.99 (0.85–1.00) | 219 | 0.97 (0.80–1.00) | 341 |
| Age | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 34 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 57 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 417 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 37 |
| Unemployed | 1.05 (1.00–1.39) | 305 | 1.00 (0.95–1.07) | 79 | 1.00 (0.95–1.08) | 101 | 1.00 (1.00–1.08) | 56 |
| Homemaker | 1.05 (1.00–1.43) | 243 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 19 | 0.99 (0.88–1.00) | 75 | 0.94 (0.57–1.00) | 272 |
| Student | 0.97 (0.75–1.00) | 204 | 0.99 (0.74–1.00) | 65 | 1.05 (1.00–1.44) | 220 | 0.90 (0.24–1.00) | 233 |
| MINI diagnosis: major depressive disorder | 1.01 (1.00–1.08) | 54 | 0.97 (0.74–1.00) | 208 | 0.86 (0.45–1.00) | 525 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 32 |
| MINI diagnosis: bipolar disorder with psychotic feature | 1.01 (1.00–1.10) | 76 | 0.99 (0.86–1.00) | 61 | 0.95 (0.75–1.00) | 392 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 38 |
| Primary education | 1.07 (1.00–1.42) | 398 | 1.07 (1.00–1.55) | 257 | 0.99 (0.90–1.00) | 116 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 36 |
| No formal education | 1.05 (1.00–1.55) | 191 | 1.02 (1.00–1.31) | 121 | 1.01 (1.00–1.22) | 115 | 1.02 (1.00–1.27) | 91 |
| Never married | 0.98 (0.82–1.00) | 162 | 1.06 (1.00–1.43) | 265 | 1.00 (1.00–1.02) | 58 | 1.06 (1.00–1.53) | 240 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.07 (1.00–1.56) | 270 | 1.08 (1.00–1.71) | 220 | 1.00 (0.89–1.06) | 89 | 1.02 (1.00–1.32) | 79 |
| Living urban | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 34 | 0.99 (0.90–1.00) | 77 | 0.94 (0.69–1.00) | 471 | 0.98 (0.78–1.00) | 166 |
| Home internet access | 0.99 (0.91–1.00) | 74 | 1.17 (1.00–1.73) | 589 | 0.94 (0.69–1.00) | 476 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 30 |
| Female | 1.44 (1.00–2.04) | 963 | 0.75 (0.41–1.00) | 829 | 0.49 (0.30–0.76) | 999 | 0.84 (0.46–1.00) | 603 |
| SWEMWBS score | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 433 | 0.99 (0.95–1.00) | 629 | 1.00 (0.98–1.00) | 334 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 19 |
| PHQ-9 score | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 14 | 1.00 (1.00–1.03) | 306 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 30 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 19 |
| GAD-7 score | 0.99 (0.96–1.00) | 303 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 22 | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 954 | 1.00 (0.98–1.00) | 117 |
| Accessing information from social media | 0.97 (0.77–1.00) | 224 | 0.91 (0.57–1.00) | 407 | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 985 | 0.95 (0.64–1.00) | 276 |
| Accessing information from the internet | 1.01 (1.00–1.14) | 56 | 1.05 (1.00–1.65) | 168 | 0.54 (0.31–0.85) | 996 | 1.03 (1.00–1.39) | 104 |
| Accessing information from radio | −1.00 (0.85–1.00) | 67 | 0.91 (0.46–1.00) | 340 | 0.86 (0.40–1.00) | 485 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 34 |
| Accessing information from television | 0.41 (0.25–0.63) | 1,000 | 0.51 (0.27–1.00) | 952 | 0.67 (0.43–1.00) | 968 | 0.79 (0.44–1.00) | 750 |
| Accessing information from a newspaper | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 38 | 0.7 (0.66–1.00) | 193 | 0.92 (0.61–1.00) | 492 | 1.01 (1.00–1.11) | 48 |
| Mobility issues | 0.98 (0.78–1.00) | 151 | 1.09 (1.00–1.49) | 411 | 1.00 (1.00–1.05) | 54 | 1.01 (1.00–1.14) | 67 |
| Self-care issues | 1.01 (1.00–1.04) | 33 | 1.05 (1.00–1.45) | 219 | 1.01 (1.00–1.15) | 75 | 1.01 (1.00–1.14) | 67 |
| Difficulty doing usual activities | 0.98 (0.81–1.00) | 142 | 0.99 (0.89–1.00) | 45 | 0.96 (0.70–1.00) | 292 | 1.00 (0.98–1.00) | 29 |
| Pain/Discomfort | 1.00 (1.00–1.02) | 35 | 1.03 (1.00–1.31) | 197 | 1.35 (1.00–1.97) | 886 | 1.25 (1.00–2.03) | 691 |
| EQ-5D-VAS score | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 1,000 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 57 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 938 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 61 |
| Poor knowledge of COVID-19 prevention measures | 1.16 (1.00–1.66) | 665 | 5.22 (2.72–8.65) | 1,000 | ||||
OR, Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) from 1,000 bootstrap model runs (confidence interval determined across all bootstrap estimations incl. those where the coefficient was shrunk to 0); Freq indicating frequency of selection of this coefficient as non-zero (37); inpatient status, reference category “outpatient;” employment status, reference category “currently employed;” MINI diagnosis, reference category “non-affective psychosis;” education level, reference category “secondary/higher education;” marital status, reference category “currently married;” female, reference category male; urban living, reference category “rural”.