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. 2022 Jan 31;13(2):1045–1060. doi: 10.1364/BOE.450456

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Schematic of the difficulties associated with light delivery in skin tissue and how directional access provided by the optical microneedle patch overcomes these issues to deliver light through the epidermis and trigger the apoptosis of melanoma cells in the dermis layer.