Table 5.
Means and 95% Confidence Intervals for Each Measurement in the Clinical Assessments, as Well as the Probabilities and Estimated Effect Sizes of the Statistical Analyses
| Evaluation | Pre 1 |
Pre 2 |
Pre 3 |
Post |
3-month FU |
One-way ANOVA |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% Confidence interval) | p-Value (partial η2) | F-value | |||||
| FMA | |||||||
| Full score | 33.3 (28.0–38.6) | 33.9 (28.5–39.2) | 34.3 (28.8–39.8) | 47.8 (41.2–54.5) | 48.1 (40.4–55.7) | 0.000*** (0.293) | 7.27 |
| Wrist/hand | 11.4 (9.66–13.1) | 11.6 (9.85–13.4) | 11.6 (9.77–13.4) | 17.2 (15.0–19.4) | 17.5 (14.9–20.1) | 0.000*** (0.386) | 11.0 |
| Shoulder/elbow | 21.9 (17.9–25.8) | 22.3 (18.4–26.2) | 22.7 (18.7–26.7) | 30.6 (25.9–35.3) | 30.6 (25.4–35.9) | 0.001*** (0.222) | 5.00 |
| ARAT | 20.1 (14.7–25.4) | 20.6 (15.1–26.1) | 19.7 (14.1–25.4) | 33.7 (26.9–40.4) | 31.9 (25.3–38.6) | 0.000*** (0.262) | 6.23 |
| WMFT | |||||||
| Score | 44.5 (36.3–52.7) | 43.7 (35.4–51.9) | 44.9 (36.5–53.2) | 55.1 (47.8–62.5) | 52.7 (44.3–61.2) | 0.159 (0.088) | 1.71 |
| Time | 38.8 (25.2–52.5) | 40.1 (26.8–53.4) | 40.6 (26.6–54.5) | 24.2 (14.4–34.0) | 28.0 (16.4–39.7) | 0.107 (0.101) | 1.98 |
| FIM | 66.0 (65.6–66.4) | 66.0 (65.6–66.4) | 66.0 (65.6–66.4) | 66.1 (65.7–66.5) | 66.1 (65.7–66.5) | 0.954 (0.009) | 0.167 |
| MAS | |||||||
| Elbow | 1.67 (1.24–2.09) | 1.61 (1.23–2.00) | 1.64 (1.26–2.02) | 0.53 (0.25–0.82) | 0.73 (0.34–1.12) | 0.000*** (0.366) | 10.1 |
| Wrist | 1.56 (1.02–2.10) | 1.53 (0.98–2.08) | 1.60 (1.02–2.18) | 0.59 (0.20–0.97) | 0.60 (0.19–1.01) | 0.001*** (0.229) | 5.2 |
| Finger | 1.55 (1.10–1.99) | 1.45 (1.06–1.85) | 1.48 (1.09–1.87) | 0.36 (0.06–0.66) | 0.47 (0.11–0.82) | 0.000*** (0.390) | 11.2 |
Differences with statistical significance are denoted by the notation “*.” Significant levels are indicated as *** for p ≤ 0.001.
3-month FU, 3-month follow-up assessment; ARAT, Action Research Arm Test; FIM, Functional Independence Measurement; FMA, Fugl-Meyer Assessment; Post, post-training assessment; Pre 1, first pretraining assessment; Pre 2, second pretraining assessment; Pre 3, third pretraining assessment; WMFT, Wolf Motor Function Test.