Table I.

Incidence of hospital-acquired infection in 2020 (COVID-19 period) vs 2017–2019 (no COVID-19 period)

	OR (CI)	RR (CI)	IRR (CI)	P
CRAB	6.75 (1.96–23.28)	1.9 (1.91–2.18)	6.91 (1.98–37.04)	<0.001
Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA	0.40 (0.12–1.31)	0.45 (0.12–1.28)	0.4 (0.08–1.29)	0.12
MRSA	1.03 (0.79–1.33)	1.02 (0.82–1.26)	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	0.85
Escherichia coli
Not resistant	0.17 (0.07–0.40)	0.21 (0.09–0.40)	0.18 (0.07–0.40)	<0.001
ESBL+	0.83 (0.64–1.07)	0.89 (0.76–1.05)	0.84 (0.68–1.06)	0.16
CR	12.23 (3.30–45.32)	3.81 (2.16–4.75)	36.15 (5.00–1584.33)	<0.001
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Not resistant	0.26 (0.06–1.08)	0.3 (0.05–1.08)	0.26 (0.03–1.00)	0.05
ESBL+	1.33 (1.01–1.73)	1.25 (1.01–1.53)	1.29 (1.02–1.66)	0.037
CR	2.39 (1.70–3.34)	1.88 (1.49–2.34)	2.24 (1.59–3.13)	<0.001
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Not resistant	0.44 (0.16–1.25)	0.50 (0.16–1.23)	0.45 (0.12–1.25)	0.11
ESBL+	0.48 (0.67–1.05)	0.52 (0.68–1.12)	0.49 (0.66–1.05)	0.09
CR	1.84 (1.27–2.66)	1.58 (1.19–2.04)	1.78 (1.21–2.57)	0.001
Proteus mirabilis
Not resistant	1.82 (0.83–4.02)	1.57 (0.8–2.59)	1.81 (0.72–4.15)	0.13
ESBL+	0.182 (0.07–0.45)	0.22 (0.08–0.52)	0.19 (0.06–0.45)	<0.001
Enterococcus faecium
VSE	0.78 (0.37–1.68)	0.82 (0.39–1.52)	0.78 (0.32–1.69)	0.53
VRE	3.5 (2.08–5.88)	2.36 (1.68–3.07)	3.39 (1.95–5.84)	<0.001

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; IRR, incidence rate ratio; CRAB, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; MSSA, meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA, meticillin-resistant S. aureus; ESBL⁺, extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing; CR, carbapenem-resistant; VSE, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium; VRE, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium.