Table 3. Multivariate analysis of the association of VOC metabolites with atopic dermatitis based on SCORAD results (N = 147)a .
| Variables | SCORAD indexa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Benzylmercapturic acid | ||||||
| LoD | 95 (84.8) | 23 (65.7) | Ref. | |||
| Detected | 17 (15.2) | 12 (34.3) | 0.013 | 3.62 (1.41–9.29) | 0.007 | |
| p-Methyl-benzoic acid | ||||||
| Lowb | 60 (53.6) | 12 (34.3) | Ref. | |||
| High | 52 (46.4) | 23 (65.7) | 0.046 | 2.47 (1.09–5.61) | 0.030 | |
| o-Methyl-benzoic acid | ||||||
| Lowb | 54 (48.2) | 19 (54.3) | Ref. | |||
| High | 58 (51.8) | 16 (45.7) | 0.531 | 0.68 (0.30–1.51) | 0.339 | |
| tt-cc-Muconic acid | ||||||
| LoD | 70 (62.5) | 22 (62.9) | Ref. | |||
| Detected | 42 (37.5) | 13 (37.1) | 0.970 | 0.94 (0.42–2.10) | 0.882 | |
| Phenylglyoxylic acid | ||||||
| Lowb | 54 (48.2) | 19 (54.3) | Ref. | |||
| High | 58 (51.8) | 16 (45.7) | 0.531 | 0.76 (0.35–1.68) | 0.501 | |
| Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | ||||||
| Lowb | 55 (49.1) | 19 (54.3) | Ref. | |||
| High | 57 (50.9) | 16 (45.7) | 0.593 | 0.76 (0.34–1.66) | 0.485 | |
| Mandelic acid | ||||||
| Q1 | 29 (25.9) | 7 (20.0) | Ref. | |||
| Q2 | 30 (26.8) | 6 (17.1) | 1.10 (0.30–4.02) | 0.881 | ||
| Q3 | 32 (28.6) | 6 (17.1) | 0.87 (0.25–3.01) | 0.775 | ||
| Q4 | 21 (18.8) | 16 (45.7) | 0.015 | 3.92 (1.30–12.00) | 0.017 | |
Values are presented as number (%). Bold values are statistically significant.
LoD = limit of detection, SCORAD = SCORing Atopic Dermatitis, VOC = volatile organic compound, aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.
aχ2; Children with “negative” SCORADs vs. “positive” SCORADs (children with SCORAD = 0 was considered as “negative,” and children with SCORAD score 1 or higher as “positive” for SCORADs). Adjusted for sex, BMI z-score, prematurity or/and low birth weight, allergen sensitization (no vs. yes), secondary smoking, current asthma, and current allergic rhinitis using a generalized linear regression with the logit function.
bLow level and high level were subdivided based on median values.