Table 1.
Characteristics and quality of included studies
| Study ID | Study type | Country and data source | Study population, definition, and inclusion criteria | Primary cancer diagnosis timeframe and follow-up duration | Sample size (N) | Men | Women | Age (years) | Second primary cancer type(s); number of cases | Second primary cancers SIR (95% CI) | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale rating* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bright et al. [16] | Retrospective cohort study | England and Wales; Office for National Statistics and Welsh Cancer registry | Men and women with > 5-year diagnosis of cancer; aged 15–39 years | 1971–2006; 16.8 years (median) | 200,945 | 76,666 (38.0%) | 124,279 (62.0%) | 15–39 |
Breast: 74 Lung and bronchus: 48 Urinary bladder: 32 Prostate: 33 Melanoma: 20 Ovary: 19 Oral: 16 Corpus uteri: 68 Kidney: 23 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 19 Brain: 21 Oesophagus: 12 Pancreas: 9 Other female genital: 27 Stomach: 14 Leukaemia: 9 |
1.80 (1.06–3.07) 1.30 (0.90–1.70) 2.10 (1.40–2.90) 1.20 (0.80–1.70) 1.50 (0.90–1.10) 1.90 (1.10–2.9) 1.80 (1.00–2.90) 7.20 (5.60–9.10) 3.00 (1.90–4.50) 1.50 (0.90–2.30) 3.00 (1.80–4.60) 1.60 (0.80–2.90) 1.30 (0.06–2.50) 3.30 (2.20–4.80) 2.00 (1.10–3.40) 1.30 (0.60–1.30) |
7 |
| Caini et al. [30] | Retrospective cohort study | Italy; European Institute of Oncology database | Men and women with diagnosis of non-cutaneous malignancy | 2000–2010; 4 years (median) | 52,354 | 15,706 (30.0%) | 36,648 (70.0%) | 56 (median) | Melanoma: 9 | 1.37 (0.71–2.63) | 4 |
| Chung et al. [31] | Retrospective cohort study | South Korea; Cancer Registry database at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea | Men and women with a diagnosis of CRC; aged 45–74 years | 2001–2009; 40.1 months (median) | 4822 | 2981 (61.8) | 1841 (38.2) | 61 (median) | Pancreas: 13 | 14.44 (12.71–16.16) | 5 |
| Cluze et al. [32] | Retrospective cohort study | France; Cancer Registry of Isère | Men and women with a diagnosis of breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer; aged > 15 years | 1989–1997; 3.5 years (mean) | 14,353 | 6314 (44.0%) | 8039 (56.0%) | 66.4 (mean) |
Upper aerodigestive tract: 10 Oesophagus: 3 Stomach: 3 Small intestine: 5 Liver and hepatic ducts: 3 Pancreas: 0 Lung: 16 Skin: 9 Breast: 18 Female genitals: 5 Prostate: 25 Kidney: 5 Urinary bladder: 9 |
1.33 (0.69–2.33) 1.10 (0.23–3.22) 0.70 (0.23–1.64) 10.70 (3.47–24.97) 0.70 (0.23–1.63) 0.23 (0.01–1.29) 1.21 (0.77–1.79) 1.52 (0.92–2.38) 1.22 (0.77–1.85) 1.00 (0.40–2.06) 1.11 (0.79–1.53) 1.90 (0.76–3.92) 1.40 (0.72–2.44) |
8 |
| Crocetti et al. [36] | Retrospective cohort study | Italy; Italian cancer registries | Men and women with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer; aged < 85 years | 1998–2012; < 7 years (median) | 6,984,420 | 3,340,798 (47.8%) | 3,643,622 (52.2%) | < 85 | Thyroid: 230 | 1.40 (1.30–1.60) | 8 |
| Dasgupta et al. [18] | Retrospective cohort study | Australia; Queensland Cancer Registry | Men and women with a diagnosis of invasive CRC; aged 20–79 years | 1996–2005; 4.2 years (median) | 15,755 | 9091 (57.7%) | 6664 (42.3%) | 64 (mean) |
Stomach: 38 Small intestine: 20 Pancreas: 33 Lung: 202 Melanoma: 168 Breast (female): 115 Uterus: 25 Prostate: 265 Kidney: 57 Urinary bladder: 73 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 42 Myeloma: 21 |
1.43 (1.01–1.97) 4.84 (2.96–7.48) 1.19 (0.82–1.67) 1.40 (1.22–1.61) 1.37 (1.17–1.59) 1.22 (1.01–1.47) 1.57 (1.01–2.31) 1.14 (1.01–1.29) 1.61 (1.21–2.07) 1.25 (0.98–1.57) 1.02 (0.73–1.38) 1.32 (0.82–2.02) |
8 |
| He et al. [33] | Retrospective cohort study | USA; National Cancer Institute SEER database | Men and women with a diagnosis of CRC; Aged > 18 years | 1973–2013; 7.3 years (mean) | 44,106 | 25,514 (58.0%) | 18,592 (42.0%) | > 18 |
Oropharynx: 999 Oesophagus: 576 Stomach: 1225 Small intestine: 585 Liver: 371 Gallbladder: 106 Pancreas: 1478 Lung and bronchus: 7400 Melanoma: 1254 Breast: 4949 Cervix uteri: 166 Corpus uteri: 1273 Ovary: 525 Prostate: 8101 Urinary bladder: 2947 Kidney: 68 Brain: 360 Thyroid: 410 Myeloma: 611 Leukaemia: 1306 |
0.95 (0.90–1.02) 1.08 (1.00–1.17) 1.16 (1.09–1.22) 3.13 (2.89–3.40) 0.76 (0.69–0.85) 0.65 (0.54–0.79) 0.99 (0.94–1.04) 1.00 (0.98–1.03) 0.89 (0.85–0.95) 0.99 (0.96–1.02) 0.96 (0.82–1.12) 1.22 (1.15–1.29) 0.88 (0.81–0.96) 0.91 (0.89–0.93) 1.00 (0.97–1.04) 1.07 (1.01–1.13) 0.85 (0.77–0.95) 1.30 (1.18–1.43) 0.86 (0.79–0.93) 0.90 (0.85–0.95) |
9 |
| Lee et al. [34] | Retrospective cohort study | Taiwan; Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database | Men and women with a diagnosis of CRC | 1996–2011; 4.03 years (median) | 98,876 | 55,729 (56.4%) | 43,147 (43.6%) | 67 (median) |
Oesophagus: 77 Stomach: 299 Liver/biliary tract: 636 Pancreas: 100 Lung and mediastinum: 843 Skin: 127 Breast: 275 Women genital: 257 Cervix uteri: 92 Corpus uteri: 106 Ovary: 59 Prostate: 455 Urinary bladder: 259 Kidney: 191 Thyroid: 73 |
0.87 (0.68–1.08) 1.02 (0.91–1.14) 0.90 (0.83–0.97) 1.01 (0.82–1.23) 1.18 (1.10–1.26) 1.12 (0.93–1.33) 1.20 (1.06–1.25) 1.64 (1.45–1.85) 0.98 (0.79–1.20) 0.32 (2.62–3.87) 2.00 (1.52–2.57) 1.19 (1.09–1.31) 1.31 (1.16–1.48) 1.45 (1.25–1.67) 1.71 (1.34–2.15) |
8 |
| Levi et al. [21] | Retrospective cohort study | Switzerland; Vaud Cancer Registry | Men and women with a diagnosis of CRC or adenomatous polyps | 1974–1994; average follow-up unknown | 5261 | . | . | . |
Oropharynx: 16 Oesophagus: 18 Stomach: 32 Small intestine: 4 Liver: 6 Gallbladder: 6 Pancreas: 6 Lung: 50 Melanoma: 12 Breast (female): 80 Cervix uteri: 10 Corpus uteri: 8 Ovary: 2 Prostate: 96 Urinary bladder: 22 Kidney: 16 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 12 Leukaemia: 8 |
0.84 (0.40–1.60) 1.36 (0.60–2.60) 1.16 (0.70–1.90) 1.89 (0.20–6.80) 0.63 (0.10–1.80) 0.71 (0.10–2.10) 0.29 (0.10–0.90) 0.70 (0.50–1.00) 0.96 (0.40–2.10) 1.29 (0.90–1.80) 1.73 (0.60–4.00) 0.63 (0.20–1.60) 0.21 (0.00–1.20) 1.19 (0.90–1.60) 0.88 (0.50–1.60) 1.25 (0.50–2.50) 0.84 (0.30–1.80) 0.59 (0.20–1.50) |
8 |
| Utada et al. [27] | Retrospective cohort study | Japan; Nagasaki Prefecture Cancer Registry | Men and women with a diagnosis of primary cancer | 1985–2007; 4.3 years (mean) | 174,477 | . | . | . |
Stomach: 751 Pancreas: 137 Ovary: 34 |
1.37 (1.28–1.47) 1.21 (1.02–1.43) 1.83 (1.27–2.56) |
7 |
| Ye et al. [35] | Retrospective cohort study | Australia; Tasmanian Cancer Registry | Men and women with a diagnosis of cancer > 2 months; aged > 15 years | 1980–2009; 6.9 years (mean) | 51,802 | 28,242 (54.5%) | 23,560 (45.5%) | 66.2 (median) |
Lung: 121 Skin: 80 Prostate: 182 |
1.13 (0.80–1.58) 1.88 (1.38–2.55) 1.15 (0.90–1.48) |
8 |
| Zheng et al. [37] | Retrospective cohort study | Sweden; Swedish Cancer Registry | Men and women with a diagnosis of bladder or upper urinary tract cancer | 1990–2015; average follow-up unknown | 49,584 | 36,614 (74%) | 12,970 (26.0%) | 73 (median) |
Urinary bladder: 521 Kidney: 22 |
1.11 (1.02 –1.21) 1.32 (0.83–1.54) |
8 |
| Zheng et al. [38] | Retrospective cohort study | Sweden; Swedish Cancer Registry | Men and women with a diagnosis of hepatobiliary cancer | 1990–2015; 36 months (median) | 19,995 | 10,102 (64.9%) | 9893 (49.5%) | 72 (median) |
Gallbladder: 44 Bile duct: 61 |
0.85 (0.61–1.14) 1.20 (0.92–1.54) |
8 |
*Newcastle–Ottawa Scale ratings ≥ 6 were considered high quality