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. 2022 Feb 15;10:838733. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.838733

Table 4.

Results of robustness test and endogeneity test.

Variables Robustness test Endogeneity test
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Insurance −0.050*** −0.018*** −0.031 ***
(0.007) (0.005) (0.048)
Institution −0.022***
(0.006)
Constant 0.590*** 1.081*** 1.344*** 1.402***
(0.005) (0.020) (0.022) (0.030)
Control variables No Yes Yes Yes
Observations 4,521 4,521 4,521 4,521
R-squared 0.012 0.425 0.487 0.191
Phase I F-value 58.75
DWH test p-value 0.000
***

p ≤ 0.01; Standard errors are in parentheses.