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. 2022 Feb 15;13:833040. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833040

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Mo, Ou, Fang, Wu, Wu and Nandakumar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of P.M OMVs on mitochondria-dependent osteoclast apoptosis. (A) Venn diagram showing the intersection of negatively correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs within miRNA and mRNA sequences. (B) KEGG enrichment analysis of upregulated genes is shown in the bubble chart. The top 15 genes significantly enriched in the KEGG pathway (p < 0.05) are presented. Changes in osteoclast (C, D) apoptosis, (E, F) intracellular ROS, and (G, H) mitochondrial membrane potential level after being cultured with or without 0.15 or 0.3 μg/ml of P.M OMVs for 5 days. (I) Western blot analysis of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. (J) Cyto c expression in the cytoplasm and mitochondria with or without P.M OMV treatment. Data were obtained from three independent experiments and represented as mean ± SD. ^####p < 0.0001 compared to M-CSF. *p < 0.05; **p < 001; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 compared to M-CSF + RANKL. ns, not significant.