Figure 8.
Possible molecular pathways involved in P.M OMV-mediated osteoprotection. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Abca1, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1; CIA, CII-induced arthritis; Cyto c, cytochrome c; OC, osteoclast; OMV, outer membrane vesicle; OVX, ovariectomy; ROS, reactive oxygen species.