Table 2.
Open field parameters on day 7, 13 and 20. Data are pooled and presented as main effects of diet and birth weight (n = 18). Data are shown as mean ± SD. All data were analysed using a linear mixed model and p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. VEG vegetable oil, MILK bovine milk fat, NBW normal birth weight, IUGR intrauterine growth restricted.
| Parametera | Day 7 | Day 13 | Day 20 | p valueb | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VEG | MILK | NORM | IUGR | VEG | MILK | NORM | IUGR | VEG | MILK | NORM | IUGR | pDIET | pWEIGHT | ||
| Distance | m | 27.1 ± 11.0 | 26.5 ± 11.0 | 29.5 ± 10.8 | 24.1 ± 10.6 | 37.0 ± 13.3 | 35.3 ± 13.1 | 40.0 ± 15.0 | 32.3 ± 9.65 | 36.2 ± 9.67 | 36.7 ± 17.3 | 38.9 ± 16.1 | 34.0 ± 10.9 | 0.8 | 0.09 |
| Velocity | cm/s | 11.3 ± 4.59 | 11.1 ± 4.60 | 12.3 ± 4.49 | 10.1 ± 4.40 | 15.4 ± 5.56 | 14.7 ± 5.44 | 16.7 ± 6.24 | 13.4 ± 4.02 | 15.1 ± 4.02 | 15.3 ± 7.20 | 16.2 ± 6.73 | 14.2 ± 4.54 | 0.8 | 0.09 |
| Zone 1 | s | 14.0 ± 18.2 | 7.41 ± 9.26 | 9.51 ± 10.5 | 11.9 ± 18.1 | 14.4 ± 15.7 | 10.9 ± 10.5 | 15.2 ± 14.4 | 10.1 ± 12.0 | 9.42 ± 11.0 | 11.9 ± 8.28 | 7.16 ± 4.88 | 14.1 ± 12.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| Zone 2 | s | 41.1 ± 37.2 | 38.5 ± 24.1 | 47.6 ± 22.0 | 31.9 ± 36.8 | 42.2 ± 21.7 | 35.8 ± 22.9 | 44.8 ± 24.4 | 33.3 ± 18.8 | 32.2 ± 25.3 | 25.7 ± 24.6 | 33.6 ± 26.6 | 24.3 ± 22.8 | 0.5 | 0.06 |
| Zone 3 | s | 8.93 ± 11.8 | 10.0 ± 11.4 | 14.1 ± 13.5 | 4.84 ± 6.53 | 13.9 ± 16.0 | 16.8 ± 15.7 | 15.7 ± 15.7 | 15.0 ± 16.2 | 7.24 ± 8.03 | 6.48 ± 7.67 | 5.84 ± 6.78 | 7.88 ± 8.69 | 0.3 | # |
| Zone 4 | s | 6.18 ± 11.6 | 6.82 ± 9.38 | 6.82 ± 9.87 | 6.18 ± 11.2 | 9.60 ± 12.7 | 6.95 ± 8.84 | 6.97 ± 8.14 | 9.57 ± 13.2 | 4.97 ± 5.79 | 9.14 ± 15.1 | 3.38 ± 4.54 | 10.7 ± 14.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Center | s | 72.8 ± 49.8 | 69.5 ± 39.2 | 59.7 ± 39.2 | 82.7 ± 47.0 | 54.1 ± 26.6 | 68.8 ± 47.7 | 60.1 ± 44.1 | 62.7 ± 33.9 | 80.5 ± 34.5 | 88.9 ± 49.3 | 89.4 ± 47.5 | 80.1 ± 36.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Periphery | s | 167 ± 49.8 | 171 ± 39.2 | 180 ± 39.1 | 157 ± 47.0 | 186 ± 26.6 | 171 ± 47.6 | 180 ± 44.0 | 177 ± 33.9 | 160 ± 34.5 | 151 ± 49.3 | 151 ± 47.5 | 160 ± 36.9 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
| Rearings | 0.56 ± 1.46 | 1.11 ± 2.56 | 0.94 ± 2.26 | 0.72 ± 1.93 | 3.28 ± 3.55 | 3.00 ± 3.58 | 3.06 ± 2.75 | 3.22 ± 4.22 | 1.11 ± 1.41 | 0.78 ± 1.93 | 1.00 ± 1.85 | 0.89 ± 1.53 | 0.5 | 0.9 | |
#A weight × day interaction for time spent in zone 3 of the arena is present (day 7: p < 0.01, day 13: p = 0.8, day 20: p = 0.6).
aSupplementary Fig. S1 defines each zone of the open field arena.
bThe overall p value indicating differences between either dietary or weight groups over time.