Fig. 1.

Next-generation strategy for displaying target-specific monoclonal antibodies on the surface of GVNPs. Pink and yellow spirals indicate wild-type GvpC molecules (with the yellow portion representing the acidic tail) that are predicted to lay across several GvpA ribs, holding the subunits together (DasSarma and DasSarma 2021). Upon binding of recombinant GvpC fused with IgG-binding domain (purple spiral portion), monoclonal antibodies are displayed on the surface of GVNPs (GVNP::GvpCGB::mAb). GVNP complexes associated with monoclonal antibodies (Y-shaped) specific to target cells, potentially more than one type depicted by red and yellow blocks, either alone or in combination, can be applicable for mAb-guided targeting or therapy (patent pending)