Table 7.

Summary of the studies investigating the impact of AVs on the land use

Study	Results
Fagnant and Kockelman (2014) [18]	An agent-based model for Austin Texas, USA, shows that each AV can remove 11 parking spaces compared with the case of conventional vehicles
Zhang et al. (2015) [19]	The simulation model for the city of Atlanta, USA, which is based on the assumption that 2% of the population are using AVs shows 90% reduction in the parking demand for the served population
International Transport Forum [16]	The simulation model for Lisbon, Portugal, shows that AVs can alter the need for the on-street parking and free up an area of almost 1,153,000 m2 which represents almost 20% of the overall area of streets in the city of Lisbon. Moreover, AVs might make it possible to remove 80% of the off-street parking
Zhang and Guhathakurta (2017) [39]	The simulation model for the city of Atlanta, USA, which is based on the assumption that only 5% of the residents would use AVs instead of their conventional vehicles shows 4.5% reduction in the parking demand which can be translated into 90% reduction in the parking demand for the served population