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. 2022 Feb 28;12:3344. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07253-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of phentolamine on the muscle atrophy genes in vivo. (A–D) Relative mRNA expression of the genes (A) Myogenin, (B) MuRF-1, (C) FoxO1, and (D) FoxO3 was quantified by qPCR in the soleus at 7 dpi, normalized to HPRT-1. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Benjamini and Hochberg correction was performed to calculate statistical significance (n = 5 animals per treatment group). (E) The representative cropped immunoblot images showing the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 at Ser727 (p-STAT3) and β-tubulin in the soleus muscles at 7 dpi. After transfer, membranes were cut using standard marker and stained separately with primary antibodies (p-STAT3 and β-tubulin) followed by secondary antibodies. Original immunoblot images are provided in the Supplementary Fig. S4. (F) Quantification histogram of western immunoblot comparing p-STAT3 expression levels among groups (n = 4–5 per treatment group). One-way ANOVA followed by Benjamini and Hochberg correction was performed to calculate statistical significance. Data show the average of two-independent experiments. Data are presented as Mean ± SEM (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001). ^#p ≤ 0.05, ^##p ≤ 0.01, ^###p ≤ 0.001 represent significance between injured Sal and Injured Phe treatment groups.