Table 2.
Multivariable analyses of the relationship between sociodemographic, health and vaccine-related variables on immunogenicity measures after first and second COVID-19 vaccine doses.
| Outcome | Variable | 1 mo after 1st: Est (95% CI), pa | 1 mo after 2nd: Est (95% CI), pa | 3 mo after 2nd: Est (95% CI), pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-RBD Abs (log10) | HIV | −0.20 (−0.38 to −0.015); p = 0.034 | −0.023 (−0.18 to 0.14); p = 0.78 | −0.13 (−0.28 to 0.011); p = 0.07 |
| Age (per decade increment) | −0.094 (−0.14 to −0.046); p = 0.0002 | −0.057 (−0.097 to −0.017); p = 0.0055 | −0.035 (−0.072 to 0.00097); p = 0.056 | |
| Male sex | −0.13 (−0.31 to 0.045); p = 0.14 | −0.018 (−0.16 to 0.12); p = 0.80 | 0.051 (−0.079 to 0.18); p = 0.44 | |
| White ethnicity | −0.12 (−0.28 to 0.037); p = 0.13 | 0.059 (−0.070 to 0.19; p = 0.37 | 0.062 (−0.055 to 0.18); p = 0.30 | |
| Chronic cond. (per # incr) | −0.14 (−0.24 to −0.043); p = 0.0053 | −0.11 (−0.19 to −0.034); p = 0.0053 | −0.098 (−0.17 to −0.024); p = 0.01 | |
| ChAdOx1 as first vaccine | −0.24 (−0.51 to 0.031); p = 0.083 | – | – | |
| Dual ChAdOx1 regimen | – | −0.63 (−0.97 to −0.29); p = 0.0003 | −0.70 (−1.0 to −0.40); p < 0.0001 | |
| Dose interval (per week incr) | – | 0.025 (0.0022 to 0.047); p = 0.031 | 0.028 (0.0074 to 0.048); p = 0.008 | |
| Days since vaccine | 0.023 (−0.0011 to 0.047); p = 0.061 | −0.0022 (−0.024 to 0.020); p = 0.84 | 0.0026 (−0.014 to 0.019); p = 0.75 | |
| COVID-19 convalescent | 1.88 (1.63 to 2.13); p < 0.0001 | 0.071 (−0.14 to 0.28); p = 0.50 | 0.10 (−0.082 to 0.29); p = 0.27 | |
| ACE2 displ. (%)b | HIV | −10.95 (−20.35 to −1.56); p = 0.023 | 0.64 (−5.274 to 6.547); p = 0.83 | −6.05 (−16.08 to 3.98); p = 0.24 |
| Age (per decade increment) | −1.47 (−3.14 to 0.41); p = 0.13 | −1.62 (−2.72 to −0.52); p = 0.0042 | −2.32 (−4.24 to −0.41); p = 0.018 | |
| Male sex | −6.94 (−13.25 to −0.62); p = 0.031 | −2.17 (−6.09 to 1.77); p = 0.28 | −0.81 (−7.71 to 6.09); p = 0.82 | |
| White Ethnicity | −5.46 (−10.95 to 0.031); p = 0.051 | 1.181 (−2.28 to 4.65); p = 0.50 | 1.50 (−4.51 to 7.51); p = 0.62 | |
| Chronic cond. (per # incr) | −0.85 (−4.29 to 2.58); p = 0.63 | −2.71 (−4.85 to −0.58); p = 0.013 | −2.51 (−6.27 to 1.24); p = 0.19 | |
| ChAdOx1 as first vaccine | −18.77 (−28.34 to −9.21); p = 0.0001 | – | – | |
| Dual ChAdOx1 regimen | – | −29.48 (−38.50 to −20.47); p < 0.0001 | −33.5 (−48.59 to −18.41); p < 0.0001 | |
| Dose interval (per week incr) | – | −0.24 (−0.92 to 0.43); p = 0.48 | −0.89 (−2.03 to 0.25); p = 0.12 | |
| Days since vaccine | 0.52 (−0.32 to 1.37); p = 0.22 | −0.12 (−0.70 to 0.47); p = 0.70 | −0.41 (−1.28 to 0.45); p = 0.35 | |
| EDTA as anticoagulant | 6.25 (−3.74 to 16.23); p = 0.22 | 1.17 (−5.57 to 7.90); p = 0.73 | 11.88 (0.50 to 23.25); p = 0.041 | |
| COVID-19 convalescent | 36.37 (27.68 to 45.05); p < 0.0001 | 2.84 (−2.75 to 8.44); p = 0.32 | 9.35 (−0.048 to 18.76); p = 0.051 | |
| Viral neut (log2)b,c | HIV | −0.28 (−0.62 to 0.056); p = 0.10 | 0.17 (−0.51 to 0.84); p = 0.63 | −0.2 (−0.88 to 0.49); p = 0.58 |
| Age (per decade increment) | −0.047 (−0.11 to 0.017); p = 0.15 | −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.054); p = 0.0055 | −0.13 (−0.26 to 0.0043); p = 0.058 | |
| Male sex | −0.1 (−0.33 to 0.12); p = 0.38 | −0.37 (−0.82 to 0.077); p = 0.10 | 0.062 (−0.41 to 0.54); p = 0.80 | |
| White ethnicity | 0.057 (−0.14 to 0.25); p = 0.57 | −0.16 (−0.56 to 0.24); p = 0.42 | −0.032 (−0.45 to 0.38); p = 0.88 | |
| Chronic cond. (per # incr) | 0.046 (−0.078 to 0.17); p = 0.47 | −0.29 (−0.54 to −0.047); p = 0.02 | −0.16 (−0.42 to 0.099); p = 0.23 | |
| ChAdOx1 as first vaccine | −0.14 (−0.48 to 0.21); p = 0.44 | – | – | |
| Dual ChAdOx1 regimen | – | −1.37 (−2.40 to −0.35); p = 0.0088 | −1.54 (−2.58 to −0.51); p = 0.0037 | |
| Dose interval (per week incr) | – | 0.049 (−0.028 to 0.13); p = 0.21 | −0.0018 (−0.080 to 0.077); p = 0.96 | |
| Days since vaccine | 0.024 (−0.061 to 0.55); p = 0.12 | −0.0092 (−0.076 to 0.058); p = 0.79 | −0.044 (−0.10 to 0.015); p = 0.14 | |
| EDTA as anticoagulant | 0.3 (−0.061 to 0.66); p = 0.1 | 0.83 (0.061 to 1.60); p = 0.035 | 0.43 (−0.36 to 1.21); p = 0.28 | |
| COVID-19 convalescent | 3.9 (3.60 to 4.22); p < 0.0001 | 1.07 (0.43 to 1.70); p = 0.0011 | 1.612 (0.97 to 2.26); p < 0.0001 |
aFor each study visit (one month after the 1st vaccine dose; 1 month after the 2nd dose, and 3 months after the 2nd dose), we report the Estimate (with the 95% Confidence Interval in parentheses); followed by the p-value. Statistically significant p-values are in bold.
bAnalyses performed on plasma (i.e. ACE2 displacement and viral neutralization) additionally correct for the anticoagulant used, with ACD as the reference category. Analyses of anti-RBD concentration do not correct for this variable because this assay was performed on serum collected in the same tube type.
cFor viral neutralization, reciprocal plasma dilutions were log2 transformed prior to multivariable analysis.
An extended version of this table, which also lists the F-statistics and model degrees of freedom, can be found in the Supplementary information.