Table 2.
Differences in sociodemographic characteristics, experienced social adversity, sexual risk behaviors, and clinical conditions by severity of methamphetamine use across study visits (Aug 2, 2014 to June 5, 2019)
| Methamphetamine use (past 6 mos.) (Nobs = 2,428) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (nobs = 1,512) |
Monthly or less (nobs = 467 visits) |
Weekly or more (nobs = 449) |
||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | χ2 a | p a | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||||||
| Age | 32.2 | 7.0 | 33.9 | 6.9 | 34.8 | 6.8 | 30.5 | < .001 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Race/ethnicity | 3.7 | .302 | ||||||
| African American | 653 | 43.2 | 186 | 39.8 | 166 | 37.0 | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 537 | 35.5 | 161 | 34.5 | 166 | 37.0 | ||
| Other | 138 | 9.1 | 40 | 8.6 | 50 | 11.1 | ||
| White | 184 | 12.2 | 80 | 17.1 | 67 | 14.9 | ||
| Social adversity | ||||||||
| Unemployment | 423 | 29.0 | 244 | 55.3 | 309 | 71.0 | 66.8 | < .001 |
| Housing instability (past 6 mos.) | 215 | 18.7 | 129 | 35.7 | 166 | 48.5 | 70.6 | < .001 |
| Ever incarcerated | 329 | 21.8 | 171 | 36.6 | 229 | 51.0 | 68.2 | < .001 |
| Intimate partner violence (past 12 mos.) | 147 | 9.9 | 80 | 17.7 | 130 | 30.0 | 35.6 | < .001 |
| Other substance use (past 6 mos.) | ||||||||
| Binge drinking | 737 | 48.7 | 273 | 58.5 | 146 | 32.5 | 19.3 | < .001 |
| Cigarette smoking (current) | 287 | 24.7 | 166 | 40.3 | 214 | 53.8 | 13.6 | .001 |
| Cocaine | 231 | 15.3 | 143 | 30.6 | 124 | 27.6 | 69.0 | < .001 |
| Ecstasy | 126 | 8.3 | 84 | 18.0 | 108 | 24.1 | 71.1 | < .001 |
| Heroin | 10 | 0.7 | 21 | 4.5 | 48 | 10.7 | 47.9 | < .001 |
| Cannabis | 704 | 46.6 | 280 | 60.0 | 255 | 56.8 | 39.8 | < .001 |
| Poppers | 351 | 23.2 | 166 | 35.6 | 225 | 50.1 | 91.0 | < .001 |
| Sexual risk behaviors and STIs | ||||||||
| New anal intercourse partner (past 6 mos.) | 894 | 59.1 | 315 | 67.5 | 332 | 73.9 | 34.3 | < .001 |
| Concurrent sexual partners (past 6 mos.) | 492 | 35.2 | 168 | 41.4 | 228 | 58.0 | 47.3 | < .001 |
| Exchange sex (past 3 mos.) | 99 | 6.8 | 80 | 18.4 | 166 | 38.4 | 111.2 | < .001 |
| Positive STI test (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or syphilis) | 205 | 13.6 | 85 | 18.4 | 112 | 25.2 | 26.9 | < .001 |
| HIV-related factors | ||||||||
| HIV-serostatus | 140.6 | < .001 | ||||||
| HIV-negative | 863 | 57.1 | 155 | 33.2 | 136 | 30.3 | ||
| HIV-positive | 649 | 42.9 | 312 | 66.8 | 313 | 69.7 | ||
| Detectable viral load (> 20 c/mL) b | 219 | 33.7 | 125 | 40.2 | 185 | 60.7 | 27.1 | < .001 |
| PrEP use (past 6 mos.) c | 308 | 35.7 | 54 | 34.8 | 39 | 28.7 | 2.55 | .280 |
| Chronic health conditions | ||||||||
| Cardiovascular condition | 148 | 9.8 | 65 | 13.9 | 52 | 11.6 | 3.5 | .061 |
| Hepatic abnormality | 34 | 2.3 | 17 | 3.6 | 24 | 5.4 | 9.0 | .011 |
| Renal condition | 66 | 4.4 | 19 | 4.1 | 21 | 4.7 | 1.9 | .396 |
| Neurological condition | 101 | 6.7 | 33 | 7.1 | 54 | 12.0 | 7.6 | .022 |
| Psychological condition | 396 | 26.2 | 135 | 28.9 | 147 | 32.7 | 12.5 | .002 |
Abbreviations: M = means; SD = standard deviations; PrEP = pre-exposure prophylaxis
a
Wald chi-square and corresponding p-value adjust for within-person correlations between repeated measurements
b
Measured in HIV-positive participants only
c
Measured in HIV-negative participants only