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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 1;63(7):734–744. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13513

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Hierarchical structure of psychopathology in the ABCD Study (n = 11,721)

Note: ADHD=attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ODD=oppositional defiant disorder, CD=conduct disorder, MDD=major depressive disorder, GAD=generalized anxiety disorder, PAN=panic disorder, SEP=separation anxiety disorder, SOC=social anxiety disorder, PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder, PHO=specific phobia, HAL=hallucinations, DEL=delusions, OCD=obsessive-compulsive disorder, BIP=bipolar disorder.