. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 1;63(7):734–744. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13513

Table 2.

Relationship between psychopathology (in standardized units) and global cortical volume, global surface area and mean cortical thickness (n=10,868)

	Global cortical volume			Global surface area			Mean cortical thickness
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
General psychopathology ^a
Baseline model	−0.042	−0.061, −0.025	<.0001	−0.048	−0.061, −0.025	<.0001	−0.003	−0.022, 0.017	.792
Adjusting education and income	−0.038	−0.055, −0.020	<.0001	−0.039	−0.056, −0.021	<.0001	−0.001	−0.020, 0.019	.424
Adjusting maternal psychopathology	−0.037	−0.055, −0.019	<.0001	−0.037	−0.055, −0.019	<.0001	−0.002	−0.021, 0.018	.871
Adjusting total cognition ^b	−0.034	−0.052, −0.015	0.0004	−0.033	−0.052, −0.015	0.0004	−0.002	−0.023, 0.018	.827
Externalizing psychopathology ^a
Baseline model	−0.047 4	−0.064, −0.029	<.0001	−0.048	−0.065, −0.031	<.0001	−0.001	−0.020, 0.018	.951
Adjusting education and income	−0.043	−0.060, −0.025	<.0001	−0.045	−0.062, −0.028	<.0001	−0.001	−0.018, 0.020	.951
Adjusting maternal psychopathology	−0.042	−0.060, −0.024	<.0001	−0.043	−0.061, −0.026	<.0001	−0.0001	−0.019, 0.019	.992
Adjusting total cognition ^b	−0.038	−0.056, −0.019	<.0001	−0.038	−0.056, −0.021	<.0001	0.001	−0.020, 0.021	.959
Internalizing psychopathology ^a
Baseline model	−0.039	−0.057, −0.021	<.0001	−0.039	−0.056, −0.021	<.0001	−0.004	−0.022, 0.015	.713
Adjusting education and income	−0.035	−0.052, −0.017	0.0001	−0.035	−0.052, −0.017	0.0001	−0.002	−0.020, 0.017	.848
Adjusting maternal psychopathology	−0.033	−0.052, −0.015	0.0003	–0.033	−0.051, −0.015	0.0004	−0.003	−0.021, 0.016	.787
Adjusting total cognition b	−0.031	−0.050, −0.012	0.001	−0.032	−0.051, −0.014	0.002	−0.004	−0.024, 0.016	.716
Thought disorder psychopathology ^a
Baseline model	−0.041	−0.059, −0.023	<.0001	−0.041	−0.030, −0.077	<.0001	−0.003	−0.023, 0.017	.780
Adjusting education and income	−0.036	−0.053, −0.018	<.0001	−0.037	−0.054, −0.019	<.0001	−0.001	−0.021, 0.019	.919
Adjusting maternal psychopathology	−0.035	−0.053, −0.017	0.0001	−0.035	−0.053, −0.017	0.0001	−0.002	−0.022, 0.018	.864
Adjusting total cognition ^b	−0.032	−0.051, −0.014	0.0008	−0.032	−0.050, −0.013	0.0009	−0.002	−0.023. 0.019	.820

All models adjusted for additional variables in a progressive, step-wise manner

Models corrected for total cognition scores based on the NIH Toolbox