Table 11.
Studies reporting on coping styles.
| Author | Year | No. | Location | Handling of Age | H&N subsite | Treatment | Instrument | Study Design | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aarstad et al. (187) | 2012 | 96 | Norway | Mean for twice-interviewed patients 56 years | HNC survivors <80 years old | Mixed | COPE BDI |
Cross-sectional | Age not significantly associated with coping style |
| Aarstad et al. (188) | 2011 | 139 | Norway | Mean 60 years | HNC survivors at least 12 months NED <80 years old | Mixed | COPE | Cross-sectional | Age not significantly associated with coping style |
| Derks et al. (146) | 2005 | 183 | The Netherlands | “Older” (≥70 years, n=78) “Younger” (45-60 years, n=105) |
Oral cavity, pharynx (stage II-IV) or larynx (stage III-IV) | Mixed | EORTC-QLQ-C30 CES-D UCL CLCS |
Prospective; baseline, 6m, 12m | Older & younger patients use different coping & locus of control strategies. Younger patients used more active coping strategies & perceived more internal control. Older patients tended to use religion. |
| Horney et al. (128) | 2010 | 103 | United Kingdom | Mean 63 years | Mixed | Mixed | HADS LOT-R Brief COPE SF-12 v2 |
Cross-sectional | Younger age significantly associated with negative coping styles (“helplessness”, denial, venting, substance abuse, behavioral disengagement) |
| Ichikura et al. (189) | 2017 | 116 | Japan | Not stated | HNC outpatient survivors who had completed treatment and were >20 years old | Mixed | Brief-COPE BDI-II |
Cross-sectional | Age >/=65 associated with “resigned” coping style (vs dependent or problem-focused) |
| Verdonck-de leeuw et al. (190) | 2007 | 41 | The Netherlands | Mean 59 years | Mixed, at follow-up clinic | Mixed | HADS | Cross-sectional, administered to patient-spouse pairs | Total HADS score not significantly related to age but is significantly related to passive coping style (which can be associated with more pessimism, worry, & distress) & non-expression of emotions |
BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; Brief COPE, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory;HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; LOT-R, Life Orientation Test-Revised; QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30; SF-12 v2, Short Form 12 item (version 2) Health Survey UCL, Utrecht Coping List; CLCS, Cancer Locus of Control Scale.