Table 7.
Common Instruments used to capture distress in HNC studies.
| Instrument | Domains covered | Validation cohort age range | Recommended Age use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generic | |||
| Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (102) | Depression | General elderly population | ≥65 years |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (103) | Anxiety and depression | General medical population | ≥18 years |
| Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) (104) | Anxiety and Depression | Patients with chronic conditions | ≥18 years |
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (105) | Depression | Psychiatric & normal populations, ≥13 years | 13-80 years |
| Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale (106) | Depression | General population, ≥18 years | ≥18 years |
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (107) | Anxiety about an event and as a personal trait | General population | ≥18 years |
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) (108) | Depression | Hospital inpatients ≥18 years | ≥18 years |
| Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (109) | Major psychiatric disorders | General population | ≥18 years |
| Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS-SR) (110) | Depression | General population | ≥18 years |
| Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) questionnaire (111) | Assesses ways in which people respond to stress | Has been validated in various stressed populations | ≥15 years |
| Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) (112) | Depression | General population | ≥12 years |
| Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) (113) | Cognitive illness representations: consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, concern, emotions, and comprehensibility | Chronically ill patients, age not listed | ≥8 years |
| Acute Stress Disorder Inventory (ASDI) (114) | Screening instrument to identify acute trauma | Trauma populations | ≥18 years |
| Cancer-Specific | |||
| Distress Thermometer (DT) (115) | Psychological distress | Adult cancer patients | ≥18 years |
| Mini - Mental Adjustment to Cancer (Mini-MAC) (116) | Fighting spirit, positive redefinition, helplessness – hopelessness, anxious preoccupation | Cancer patients aged 18-75 years | ≥18 years |
| Distress Inventory for Cancer (DIC2) (117) | Psychological distress | Cancer patients aged 18-88 years | ≥18 years |
| head and Neck Cancer-specific | |||
| Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI) (118) | Physical and functional wellbeing, treatment-related issues, social wellbeing, psychological wellbeing | HNC patients, ≥18 years | ≥18 years |