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. 2021 Nov 19;7(1):85–97. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12560

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© 2021 The Authors. Epilepsia Open published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Seizure outcome of ES (generalized or focal ES) in all groups. A, Seizure‐free period of ES. SFP of ES in the first treatment. Bars show mean with 95% confidence interval of SFP after the start of the first treatment for ES. B, Kaplan‐Meier curves of ES. Probability of control of ES by various drugs is shown. ACTH, ACTH therapy; B6, vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate hydrate); CBZ, carbamazepine; CZP, clonazepam; ES, epileptic spasms; PB, phenobarbital; SFP, seizure‐free period; VPA, valproate; ZNS, zonisamide