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Regulation of innate immune signaling pathways by cyclophilins. (Left panel) Cyps have been shown to regulate RIG-I, IRF3 and NF-κB, thus contributing to activation of the type I IFN response. (Right panel) CypA regulates PKR activation to promote eIF2α phosphorylation and translational shutdown. Downstream of PKR, cyclophilin inhibitor treatment appears to activate transcription of ISGs in a PKR and IRF1-dependent manner.
