Table 2.

LLLT downregulates diverse inflammatory cytokines.

	Different cytokines associated with an inflammatory response
Damage stage	M1 macrophages, neutrophils, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, PGE2, Cox-2, and NF-kB pathway
Repair phase	M2 macrophages, Cox-7, and IL-10

LLLT, low-level laser therapy; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; Cox-2, cyclooxygenase 2; NF-kB pathway, nuclear factor kappa-B; Cox-7, cyclooxygenase 7; and IL-10, interleukin-10.