Table 3.

Codes, Categories, and Subcategories Extracted From Interviews.

Categories	Subcategories	Codes
Challenges in caring for a COVID-19 patient	Being rejected	Avoidance of relatives, lack of relatives' visit with families with a COVID-19 patient, inappropriate behavior of neighbors, avoidance of colleagues, tension with neighbors to clean the apartment building
	Limited access to medical facilities	Lack of medical equipment in the hospital, lack of ICU beds, etc., expensive oxygen devices, shortage and high cost of some drugs needed for COVID-19 patients, shortage and high cost of medical equipment needed to care for COVID-19 patients
	Dissatisfaction with medical staff behavior	Insufficient explanation about the patient’s condition, early discharge from the hospital, impatience of nurses in responding to patients' families, insufficient guidance on how to deal with the patient after discharge from the hospital
	Disruption of family life	The difficulty of caring for a COVID-19 patient, the tension in sharing family responsibilities, keeping other family members away from home, lack of enough space to allocate to the infected person, cleaning the bathroom after each use of the patient, continuous cleaning of the patient’s things
	Challenge of managing family members' behavior with the patient	Difficulty in managing and controlling other family members, especially children, for not communicating with the patient, emotional and irrational behavior of family members towards the patient, the contradiction of reason and feeling in the behavior of family members towards the patient
	Living with doubts and worries	Worry about the infection of other family members, worry about the infection of the caregiver, obsession with getting infected
Challenges after a COVID-19 patient’s death	Incomplete farewell to the corpse	Not kissing the corpse, not touching the corpse, not seeing the corpse
	The unbelievability of death	Not seeing the last moments of the dying patient, not believing the patient’s death, feeling sick and having nightmares about the patient’s death, not seeing the moments of burial
	Ambiguity and tension in the burial process	Lack of a coherent and unified plan for burial, ambiguity in how to deliver the body, confusion in how to bury it, family tensions over how to hold a mourning ceremony
	Lonely burial	The solitude of the burial, separation from the family, the absence of the Qur’an, etc., the absence of some family members in the burial ceremony, the lack of funeral, not holding the ceremonies of the seventh day and fortieth day
	Twinge of conscience	The twinge of conscience about the inadequacy of mourning, the twinge of conscience about the inadequacy of care, the twinge of conscience about not observing the will of the deceased about burial
	Worry about not respecting the deceased	Concern about people’s talk and sarcasm about the burial, mass burial of the dead, use of lime
	Incomplete condolence	Not hugging or kissing family members, not having all family members at home at the same time, and the absence of family elders with the deceased family incomplete condolence
	Abandonment	Lack of support and communication from the hospital with the family of the deceased, lack of support from relatives, lack of emotional support from governmental or non-governmental organizations