Fig. 4.

F. nucleatum enhanced elastase‐induced alveolar enlargement in elastase‐treated mice. Lung morphology was determined in elastase‐ and PBS‐treated mice at days 1, 3, 7, and 42 after administration of F. nucleatum or the vehicle (Mock). (A) Mean linear intercept (Lm) was measured on random sections of the lung (n = 7). The data are shown as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Statistical significance was evaluated using one‐way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. (B) Representative lung sections at 42 days after F. nucleatum or the vehicle administration stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar = 100 µm.