Table. Patient Demographics for All Included Studies and Each Specific Biomarkera.
| Variable | No. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All studies | NSE | S100β | GFAP | Nf-L | Tau | UCH-L1 | |
| Included studies, No. | 86 | 72 | 29 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 4 |
| Study patients | |||||||
| Total No. | 10 567 | 9880 | 3420 | 1055 | 1231 | 883 | 757 |
| Men | 7777 (73.6) | 7319 (74.1) | 2425 (70.9) | 803 (76.1) | 963 (78.2) | 698 (79.0) | 605 (79.9) |
| Women | 2790 (26.4) | 2561 (25.9) | 995 (20.1) | 252 (23.9) | 268 (21.8) | 185 (21.0) | 152 (20.1) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 62.8 (10.2) | 63.3 (11.1) | 64.4 (9.1) | 64.1 (12.7) | 63.0 (12.6) | 63.5 (13.0) | 63.7 (12.3) |
| OHCA | 8629 (89.6) | 7952 (88.7) | 2958 (87.5) | 936 (88.7) | 1191 (97.9) | 860 (97.4) | 754 (99.6) |
| Cardiac origin | 4802 (69.4) | 4352 (69.0) | 993 (64.3) | 827 (91.9) | 919 (88.0) | 162 (83.5) | 727 (96.0) |
| Witnessed | 4104 (76.9) | 3869 (77.8) | 939 (68.0) | 776 (83.1) | 254 (77.7) | 49 (79.0) | 649 (45.1) |
| Shockable ECG | 5081 (52.5) | 4814 (53.4) | 1690 (51.9) | 705 (66.8) | 247 (63.7) | 100 (51.5) | 569 (39.5) |
| Bystander CPR | 3426 (57.4) | 3281 (59.0) | 907 (53.7) | 610 (69.2) | 745 (70.0) | 116 (67.4) | 524 (36.4) |
| TTM | 8070 (86.8) | 7736 (88.1) | 2381 (80.4) | 970 (91.9) | 967 (98.4) | 802 (90.1) | 751 (99.2) |
| Favorable outcome | 4733 (44.8) | 4466 (45.2) | 1499 (43.8) | 508 (48.2) | 645 (52.4) | 442 (50.1) | 373 (49.3) |
| Outcome scale | |||||||
| CPC | 67 (77.9) | 57 (79.2) | 20 (69.0) | 7 (77.8) | 8 (80.0) | 6 (100) | 4 (100) |
| GOS | 7 (8.1) | 7 (9.7) | 4 (13.8) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| mGOS | 2 (2.3) | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 1 (10.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Survival | 10 (11.6) | 7 (9.7) | 5 (17.2) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | 0 | 0 |
| mRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Abbreviations: CPC, cerebral performance category; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECG, electrocardiogram; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; mGOS, Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; Nf-L, neurofilament light; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; S100β, S100 calcium-binding protein β; TTM, targeted temperature management; UCH-L1, ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase L1.
Not every study reported demographic data, such as OHCA or whether the arrest was of cardiac origin; therefore, the percentage values are based on the total sample size of only the studies that reported on each specific demographic factor. Furthermore, if multiple publications were included in the meta-analyses from the same trial (eg, TTM), their data were added to the relevant biomarker columns but were not duplicated within any single column (eg, total sample size did not duplicate patients from the same trial but different publications).