FIGURE 3.

Cortical processing of chronic pain in chronic migraine (CM). (a) The upper row shows no major region that encodes the intensity of endogenous pain (amplitude—AMP). We found negative relationships between brain activity and pain intensity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC). (b) The processing of changes of pain intensity (slope—SLP) was mainly localised in the left anterior insular cortex (AIC). Negative relationships were found in frontal and motor areas as well as in the precuneus. (c) The movement process, which prerequisites motor activity and decision‐making (absolute slope—aSLP), shows a vast network of activity in the thalamus, the cingulate cortex, the entire insula, and the cerebellum. The graphs on the right show the temporal dynamics of the haemodynamic delay for several regions in relation to the current pain rating (at time point 0 s)