Table 6.
Distribution of independent variables predicting antimicrobial usage in smallholder poultry production.
| Dependent variable: The use of antibiotics | β | SE | Wald statistics | Df | p value | OR | C.I. (OR) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||||
| Constant | 1.115 | 0.993 | 1.261 | 1 | 0.261 | 3.048 | ||
| Location | −0.673 | 0.129 | 27.078 | 1 | 0.000∗ | 0.510 | 0.396 | 0.657 |
| Gender | −0.389 | 0.343 | 1.291 | 1 | 0.256 | 0.678 | 0.346 | 1.326 |
| Education | 1.117 | 0.191 | 34.246 | 1 | 0.000∗ | 3.055 | 2.102 | 4.440 |
| Age | −0.300 | 0.151 | 3.952 | 1 | 0.047∗ | 0.741 | 0.551 | 0.996 |
| Family income | 0.687 | 0.301 | 5.207 | 1 | 0.023∗ | 1.987 | 1.102 | 3.585 |
| Years of keeping chickens | −0.150 | 0.167 | 0.802 | 1 | 0.371 | 0.861 | 0.621 | 1.195 |
| Breed type | −0.922 | 0.391 | 5.567 | 1 | 0.018∗ | 0.398 | 0.185 | 0.855 |
| Management system | 0.676 | 0.287 | 5.532 | 1 | 0.019∗ | 1.965 | 1.119 | 3.452 |
∗ p< 0.05, β: beta coefficient, SE: standard error, Df: degree of freedom, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval (95%).