Table II.
Adjusted prevalence and 95% CI of pre-HBP among adolescents aged 12-19 years by age, sex, and race/ethnicity-NHANES 1988-1994, 1999-2002, 2003-2006, and 2007-2012
| Pre-HBP, % (95% CI) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal weight |
Overweight or obese |
|||||||||
| Characteristics | 1988-1994 | 1999-2002 | 2003-2006 | 2007-2012 | P value for trend* | 1988-1994 | 1999-2002 | 2003-2006 | 2007-2012 | P value for trend* |
| Age group | ||||||||||
| 12-15 y | ||||||||||
| Model 1† | 5.9 (4.3-8.2) | 6.2 (4.7-8.2) | 6.8 (4.8-9.5) | 6.3 (4.5-8.6) | .7217 | 13.9 (9.0-20.9) | 14.9 (11.3-19.4) | 13.6 (10.2-18.0) | 15.3 (12.4-18.8) | .7911 |
| Model 2‡ | 6.0 (4.1-8.6) | 6.2 (4.5-8.6) | 7.2 (4.9-10.5) | 5.5 (3.8-8.0) | .9395 | 15.6 (9.9-23.5) | 14.8 (10.9-19.6) | 13.7 (9.9-18.6) | 15.6 (12.5-19.4) | .9455 |
| 16-19 y | ||||||||||
| Model 1† | 16.1 (13.3-19.3) | 15.4 (12.8-18.4) | 16.1 (12.8-20.2) | 16.0 (13.2-19.2) | .9612 | 18.4 (11.3-28.6) | 29.1 (24.6-34.2) | 31.1 (26.3-36.4) | 28.3 (22.6-34.8) | .0514 |
| Model 2‡ | 16.3 (13.3-19.8) | 15.8 (12.8-19.3) | 15.7 (12.2-20.0) | 15.5 (12.6-18.8) | .7242 | 22.0 (13.3-34.0) | 27.7 (22.8-33.2) | 28.3 (23.2-34.1) | 28.1 (22.3-34.7) | .2936 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | ||||||||||
| Model 1† | 18.3 (15.3-21.7) | 15.2 (13.3-17.2) | 17.2 (13.9-21.0) | 15.7 (13.1-18.8) | .3790 | 21.5 (14.3-31.0) | 31.1 (26.3-36.2) | 29.9 (25.5-34.9) | 30.2 (24.8-36.1) | .1201 |
| Model 2‡ | 18.7 (15.2-22.9) | 15.5 (13.2-18.1) | 16.9 (13.6-20.7) | 15.0 (12.2-18.3) | .1872 | 23.9 (15.7-34.7) | 32.3 (27.2-38.0) | 29.0 (24.1-34.5) | 30.5 (25.1-36.5) | .3546 |
| Female | ||||||||||
| Model 1† | 3.4 (2.1-5.3) | 6.3 (4.1-9.5) | 5.5 (3.6-8.3) | 6.3 (4.5-8.8) | .0620 | 10.9 (6.4-17.9) | 11.0 (8.2-14.5) | 12.6 (9.6-16.4) | 11.6 (8.6-15.5) | .7140 |
| Model 2‡ | 3.2 (1.9-5.4) | 6.2 (3.9-9.9) | 5.9 (3.8-9.0) | 5.6 (3.6-8.5) | .1107 | 13.2 (7.2-23.0) | 8.2 (6.0-11.2) | 11.2 (8.6-14.5) | 10.9 (7.7-15.3) | .7765 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | ||||||||||
| Model 1† | 10.7 (8.6-13.2) | 10.9 (8.5-13.9) | 11.8 (9.1-15.1) | 9.8 (7.4-12.8) | .7633 | 17.6 (11.5-26.1) | 21.6 (17.4-26.3) | 20.5 (15.9-25.9) | 22.4 (17.6-28.1) | .3635 |
| Model 2‡ | 11.5 (9.1-14.4) | 11.5 (8.9-14.7) | 11.6 (8.6-15.4) | 9.1 (6.7-12.3) | .2480 | 20.0 (12.9-29.6) | 21.1 (16.4-26.8) | 19.2 (14.3-25.1) | 22.7 (18.1-28.0) | .6814 |
| Non-Hispanic black | ||||||||||
| Model 1† | 10.9 (6.4-17.9) | 11.0 (8.2-14.5) | 12.6 (9.6-16.4) | 11.6 (8.6-15.5) | .7140 | 17.2 (12.3-23.5) | 23.7 (19.6-28.4) | 25.8 (22.2-29.8) | 22.7 (18.8-27.1) | .0840 |
| Model 2‡ | 13.7 (10.8-17.4) | 14.9 (11.9-18.5) | 16.6 (13.4-20.3) | 18.0 (15.3-21.1) | .0357 | 18.4 (12.7-26.0) | 23.2 (18.4-29.0) | 25.5 (21.6-29.9) | 23.1 (18.6-28.3) | .1985 |
| Mexican American | ||||||||||
| Model 1† | 8.7 (6.4-11.8) | 10.0 (8.2-12.1) | 10.2 (8.4-12.4) | 10.9 (7.9-14.9) | .3227 | 19.8 (16.1-24.1) | 23.1 (19.9-26.7) | 22.1 (18.5-26.2) | 16.1 (11.4-22.1) | .2322 |
| Model 2‡ | 9.1 (6.9-11.8) | 9.0 (6.8-11.9) | 10.9 (8.8-13.5) | 10.5 (6.9-15.6) | .4410 | 20.9 (15.5-27.5) | 22.3 (18.6-26.5) | 22.0 (17.3-27.5) | 16.9 (12.0-23.2) | .3332 |
*
P value for trends across the surveys using logistic regression models. All tests were 2-tailed.
†
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
‡
Model 2, in addition to variables in model 1, adjusted for smoking status, physical activity, HEI-2010, PIR, waist-to-height ratio, and BMI as continuous variables.