Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of patients at baseline
| Clinical picture and laboratory findings | Placebo group (n = 25) | GR + BA group (n = 25) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fever (N, %) | 24 (96%) | 23 (92%) | 0.265438 |
| Cough (N, %) | 25 (100%) | 23 (92%) | 0.152003 |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 25 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 0.5 |
| Sore throat, n (%) | 21 (84%) | 19 (76%) | 0.133726 |
| Myalgia, body aches, n (%) | 25 (100) | 25 (100%) | 0.5 |
| Diarrhoea, n (%) | 8 (32%) | 10 (40%) | 0.25987 |
| Loss of smell, n (%) | 20 (80%) | 17 (68%) | 0.133726 |
| Loss of taste, n (%) | 20 (80%) | 17 (68%) | 0.133726 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 20 (80%) | 18 (72%) | 0.127067 |
| O2 saturation median (IQR) | 91 (90–92) | 91 (90–92) | 0.230889 |
| Severity of symptoms*, n (%) | |||
| Mild | 0 | 0 | |
| Moderate | 25 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 0.5 |
| Severe | 0 | 0 | |
| Days from symptom onset to hospital admission, median (IQR), days | 6 (5–7) | 6 (5–7) | 0.406499 |
| Blood pressure median (IQR) (mmHg) | 130 (130–135)/85 (85–90) | 130 (125–140)/85 (80–90) | 0.290368/0.15735 |
| Proth. Concentration, median (IQR) | 83 (76–90.5) | 81.8 (70.7–98.58) | 0.349547 |
| PLT (× 106/mL) median (IQR) | 232 (179.5–232) | 245 (190.5–283) | 0.232731 |
| Leucocyte (× 106/mL) median (IQR) | 6.6 (5.7–7.4) | 5.3 (4.62–7.52) | 0.25142 |
| Lymphocytes % median (IQR) | 19.6 (17.55–22.5) | 19.5 (16.1–25.05) | 0.262757 |
| D-Dimer (mg/L) median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.59–1.51) | 1.04 (0.55–1.61) | 0.234316 |
| CRP (mg/L) median (IQR) | 39.5 (17.7–94) | 24 (8.5–126.5) | 0.463908 |
| S.Ferritin (ng/L) median (IQR) | 200.5 (155.77–255) | 137.5 (110.9–220.3) | 0.147315 |
| Troponin 1 median (IQR) | 0.061 (0.062–0.073) | 0.065 (0.043-.0.078) | 0.180374 |
| Creatinine (mg/L) median (IQR) | 0.96 (0.71–1.55) | 1.04 (0.735–1.76) | 0.461704 |
| Urea (mg/L) median (IQR) | 49 (43.5–62.5) | 39 (33.5–60.5) | 0.240601 |
| AST U/L median (IQR) | 33 (29–40.5) | 29 (21.5–38) | 0.163564 |
| ALT U/L median (IQR) | 32.5 (26–43) | 29 (21–38) | 0.190994 |
| S.Albumin g/dl median (IQR) | 3.5 (2.75–3.65) | 3.15 (2.8–3.6) | 0.40836 |
GR glycyrrhizin, BA Boswellic acids, IQR interquartile range
*Classification of The severity:The mild (stage 1) was identified in patients with minimal symptoms such as mild fever, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms without shortness of breath and imaging findings for pneumonia; the moderate form (stage 2) was defined in patients with fever, dry cough, chest tightness or shortness of breath after activities, and imaging findings of pneumonia. It is divided into stage 2a without hypoxia and stage 2b with hypoxia. The severe form in those with the same findings as the moderate form plus a respiratory rate of 30 times or more per minute or oxygen saturation (SatO2) less than 90%; the critical form was defined as respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction