Table 2.
Participant characteristics
| Reference | Number (n) | Sex (M/F) | Age (years) | Diabetes type (type 1 / type 2) | Diabetes duration (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Araszkiewicz et al. 2015 [18] |
CN: 70 DM: 70 |
56/14 56/14 |
CN: median 59 (51–62) DM: median 60 (54–62) | CN: 17/53 DM: 18/52 |
CN: 16 ± 8 DM: 15 ± 7 |
| Baker et al. 2007 [23] |
CN: 13 (4 bilateral; 9 unilateral) CN unaffected foot: 9 DPN: 10 Healthy: 10 |
NR |
CN: 65.5 ± 8.7 DPN: 67.2 ± 7.1 Healthy: 61.4 ± 9.7 |
CN: 0/13 DPN: 0/10 |
CN: 20 ± 11.3 CN unaffected foot: 21 ± 10.2 DPN: 19 ± 8.1 |
| Hamdy et al. 2001 [19] |
CN: 23 DM: 13 DPN: 33 DPN + PVD: 32 Healthy: 27 |
CN: 13/10 DM: 8/5 DPN: 24/9 DPN + PVD: 23/9 Healthy: 13/14 Total: 82/46 |
CN: 57 ± 9 DM: 39 ± 10 DPN: 56 ± 9 DPN + PVD: 60 ± 8 Healthy: 52 ± 13 |
CN 5/18 DM 9/4 DPN 12/21 DPN + PVD 23/9 Total 41/60 |
CN: 17 ± 11 DM: 17 ± 7 DPN: 21 ± 12 DPN + PVD: 25 ± 13 |
| Parkhouse et al. 1988 [20] |
CN: 8 DM: 14 DPN + ulcer: 11 DM + skin lesions: 9 Healthy: 80 |
NR |
CN: 49.5 ± 13.5 DM: 46.9 ± 12.2 DPN + ulcer: 52.5 ± 8.1 DM + skin lesions: 49.1 ± 12.2 Healthy: 47.2 ± 11.4 |
Type 1: 14 / Type 2 unclear | Type 1: range (12–57) Other: unclear |
| Shapiro et al. 1998 [24] |
CN: 13 DPN: 12 Healthy: 11 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Stevens et al. 1992 [21] |
CN (acute): 12 DM: 12 DPN + ulcer: 12 Healthy: 10 |
CN (acute): 5/7 DM: 6/6 DPN + ulcer: 7/5 Healthy: 5/5 Total: 23/23 |
CN (acute): median 49.2 (28–69) DM: median 48.3 (32–69) DPN + ulcer: median 51.5 (36–69) Healthy: median 50.1 (31–65) |
CN (acute): 10/2 DM: 9/3 DPN + ulcer: 10/2 Total: 29/7 |
CN (acute): 22.5 ± 12.8 DM: 23.0 ± 14 DPN + ulcer: 24.8 ± 15 |
| Veves et al. 1998 [22] |
CN: 23 DM: 13 DPN: 33 DPN + PVD: 32 Healthy: 27 |
CN: 13/10 DM: 8/5 DPN: 24/9 DPN + PVD: 23/9 Healthy: 13/14 Total: 82/46 |
CN: 57 ± 9 DM: 39 ± 10 DPN: 56 ± 9 DPN + PVD: 60 ± 8 Healthy: 52 ± 13 |
CN: 5/18 DM: 9/4 DPN: 12/21 DPN + PVD: 23/9 Total: 41/60 |
CN: 17 ± 11 DM: 17 ± 7 DPN: 21 ± 12 DPN + PVD: 25 ± 13 |
CN Charcot neuroarthropathy, DM uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, DPN diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy, NR not reported, PVD peripheral vascular disease. Age and duration are reported as means ± SD or median (range)