Table 3.

Measurement and results of cutaneous microvascular reactivity

Reference	Equipment (site of measure)	Microvascular measures	Charcot group	Comparison group(s)
Araszkiewicz et al. 2015 [18]	Laser-Doppler (plantar hallux / non-glabrous)	Thermal peak – Median (IQR) Post-occlusive Reactive Hyperaemia – Median (IQR)	156 (93–240) 142.5 (98–218)	DM: 238 (155–300) DM: 143 (98–222)
Baker et al. 2007 [23]	Laser-Doppler (dorsal foot / glabrous)	Thermal peak – Mean ± SD	CN: 432 ± 88 CN contralateral foot: 417 ± 110	DPN: 262 ± 71 Healthy: 594 ± 94
Hamdy et al. 2001 [19]	Laser-Doppler (dorsal foot / glabrous)	ACh Iontophoresis – Median (25th – 75th quartiles)	227 (86–554)	DM: 578 (152–1858) DPN: 90 (15–378) DPN and PVD: 74 (1-212) Healthy: 411 (148–641)
Parkhouse et al. 1988 [20]	Laser-Doppler (plantar foot / non-glabrous)	ACh Iontophoresis – Mean	3.0	Type 1 DM: 12.5 DPN + ulcers: 4.7 DM and skin lesions: 5.8 Healthy: 11.5
Shapiro et al. 1998 [24]	Laser-Doppler (dorsal foot / glabrous)	Thermal AuC – Mean ± SD Thermal vasomotion – Mean ± SD	64.8 ± 56.9 968.2 ± 450.2	DPN: 6.6 ± 1.7 Healthy: 12.9 ± 5.3 DPN: 326.6 ± 176.4 Healthy: 1162.5 ± 279.7
Stevens et al. 1992 [21]*	Laser-Doppler (plantar hallux / non-glabrous)	Thermal peak – Mean ± SD	Acute Charcot 41.0 ± 19.2 CN contralateral foot: 63.4 ± 28.7	DM: 62.7 ± 47 DPN + ulcers: 28.9 ± 37.4 Healthy: 76.3 ± 33.9
Veves et al. 1998 [22]	Microspan TcPO2 meter (Dorsal foot / glabrous) Laser-Doppler (dorsal foot)	Thermal peak – Median (IQR) Post-iontophoresis – Median (IQR)	94 (57–120) 0.3 (0.2–0.4)	DM: 119 (76–175) DPN: 71 (35–84) DPN + PVD: 47 (26–64) Healthy: 127 (99–162) DM: 0.5 (0.4–0.7) DPN: 0.3 (0.3–0.4) DPN + PVD: 0.3 (0.3–0.4) Healthy: 0.5 (0.3–0.7)

IQR, inter-quartile range; DM, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus; CN, Charcot neuroarthropathy; DPN, diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; AuC, area under the curve; TcPO₂, transcutaneous oxygen tension