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. 2021 Dec 3;205(4):431–439. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2163OC

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Copyright © 2022 by the American Thoracic Society

This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0. For commercial usage and reprints, please e-mail contact Diane Gern (dgern@thoracic.org).

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Figure 4. — Mortality at Day 28 in the HFNO (left) and NIV (right) groups. Mortality in patients treated with HFNO who were not intubated was 4.2% (3/72), whereas in patients transitioned from HFNO to IMV, mortality was 28.6% (32/112) (P < 0.001). Mortality in patients treated with NIV but not intubated was 1.6% (1/62), whereas in patients who transitioned from NIV to IMV, mortality was 44.9% (31/69) (P < 0.001). Overall mortality in patients initially treated with HFNO and NIV was 19.0% (35/184) and 24.4% (32/131), respectively (P = 0.2479). HFNO = high-flow nasal oxygen; IMV = invasive mechanical ventilation; NIV = noninvasive ventilation.